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首先,要确保mysql开启了binlog日志功能。在/etc/my.cnf文件里的[mysqld]区块添加:
log-bin=mysql-bin
然后重启mysql服务
(1)在ops库下创建一张表customers
mysql> use ops; mysql> create table customers( -> id int not null auto_increment, -> name char(20) not null, -> age int not null, -> primary key(id) -> )engine=InnoDB; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql> show tables; +---------------+ | Tables_in_ops | +---------------+ | customers | +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc customers; +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | | | age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into customers values(1,"wangbo","24"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> insert into customers values(2,"guohui","22"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> insert into customers values(3,"zhangheng","27"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec) mysql> select * from customers; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 1 | wangbo | 24 | | 2 | guohui | 22 | | 3 | zhangheng | 27 | +----+-----------+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(2)现在进行全备份
[root@vm-002 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B -F -R -x --master-data=2 ops|gzip >/opt/backup/ops_$(date +%F).sql.gz Enter password: [root@vm-002 ~]# ls /opt/backup/ ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz
参数说明:
-B:指定数据库
-F:刷新日志
-R:备份存储过程等
-x:锁表
–master-data:在备份语句里添加CHANGE MASTER语句以及binlog文件及位置点信息
(3)再次插入数据
mysql> insert into customers values(4,"liupeng","21"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> insert into customers values(5,"xiaoda","31"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec) mysql> insert into customers values(6,"fuaiai","26"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> select * from customers; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 1 | wangbo | 24 | | 2 | guohui | 22 | | 3 | zhangheng | 27 | | 4 | liupeng | 21 | | 5 | xiaoda | 31 | | 6 | fuaiai | 26 | +----+-----------+-----+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(4)此时误操作,删除了test数据库
mysql> drop database ops; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
此时,全备之后到误操作时刻之间,用户写入的数据在binlog中,需要恢复出来!
(5)查看全备之后新增的binlog文件
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /opt/backup/ [root@vm-002 backup]# ls ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz [root@vm-002 backup]# gzip -d ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz [root@vm-002 backup]# ls ops_2016-09-25.sql [root@vm-002 backup]# grep CHANGE ops_2016-09-25.sql -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=106;
这是全备时刻的binlog文件位置,即mysql-bin.000002的106行,因此在该文件之前的binlog文件中的数据都已经包含在这个全备的sql文件中了
(6)移动binlog文件,并导出为sql文件,剔除其中的drop语句,查看mysql的数据存放目录,有下面可知是在/var/lib/mysql下
[root@vm-002 backup]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 9272 1 0 01:43 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql mysql 9377 9272 0 01:43 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [root@vm-002 backup]# cd /var/lib/mysql/ [root@vm-002 mysql]# ls ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index mysql.sock test [root@vm-002 mysql]# cp mysql-bin.000002 /opt/backup/
将binlog文件导出sql文件,并vim编辑它删除其中的drop语句
[root@vm-002 backup]# mysqlbinlog -d ops mysql-bin.000002 >002bin.sql [root@vm-002 backup]# ls 002bin.sql mysql-bin.000002 ops_2016-09-25.sql [root@vm-002 backup]# vim 002bin.sql #删除里面的drop语句
注意:在恢复全备数据之前必须将该binlog文件移出,否则恢复过程中,会继续写入语句到binlog,最终导致增量恢复数据部分变得比较混乱
(7)恢复数据
[root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p < ops_2016-09-25.sql Enter password: [root@vm-002 backup]#
查看数据库,看看ops库在不在
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | ops | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use ops; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from customers; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 1 | wangbo | 0 | | 2 | guohui | 0 | | 3 | zhangheng | 0 | +----+-----------+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
此时恢复了全备时刻的数据。接着,使用002bin.sql文件恢复全备时刻到删除数据库之间,新增的数据
[root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p ops <002bin.sql Enter password: [root@vm-002 backup]#
再次查看数据库,发现全备份到删除数据库之间的那部分数据也恢复了!!
mysql> select * from customers; +----+-----------+-----+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+-----+ | 1 | wangbo | 24 | | 2 | guohui | 22 | | 3 | zhangheng | 27 | | 4 | liupeng | 21 | | 5 | xiaoda | 31 | | 6 | fuaiai | 26 | +----+-----------+-----+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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