mysql中的行列转换方法

这篇文章主要介绍“MySQL中的行列转换方法”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在mysql中的行列转换方法问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”mysql中的行列转换方法”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

创新互联建站坚持“要么做到，要么别承诺”的工作理念，服务领域包括：网站建设、成都网站制作、企业官网、英文网站、手机端网站、网站推广等服务，满足客户于互联网时代的伽师网站设计、移动媒体设计的需求，帮助企业找到有效的互联网解决方案。努力成为您成熟可靠的网络建设合作伙伴！

现整理解法如下：
数据样本：
create table tx(
 id int primary key,
 c1 char(2),
 c2 char(2),
 c3 int
);
insert into tx values
(1 ,'A1','B1',9),
(2 ,'A2','B1',7),
(3 ,'A3','B1',4),
(4 ,'A4','B1',2),
(5 ,'A1','B2',2),
(6 ,'A2','B2',9),
(7 ,'A3','B2',8),
(8 ,'A4','B2',5),
(9 ,'A1','B3',1),
(10 ,'A2','B3',8),
(11 ,'A3','B3',8),
(12 ,'A4','B3',6),
(13 ,'A1','B4',8),
(14 ,'A2','B4',2),
(15 ,'A3','B4',6),
(16 ,'A4','B4',9),
(17 ,'A1','B4',3),
(18 ,'A2','B4',5),
(19 ,'A3','B4',2),
(20 ,'A4','B4',5);
 
mysql> select * from tx;
+----+------+------+------+
| id | c1   | c2   | c3   |
+----+------+------+------+
|  1 | A1   | B1   |    9 |
|  2 | A2   | B1   |    7 |
|  3 | A3   | B1   |    4 |
|  4 | A4   | B1   |    2 |
|  5 | A1   | B2   |    2 |
|  6 | A2   | B2   |    9 |
|  7 | A3   | B2   |    8 |
|  8 | A4   | B2   |    5 |
|  9 | A1   | B3   |    1 |
| 10 | A2   | B3   |    8 |
| 11 | A3   | B3   |    8 |
| 12 | A4   | B3   |    6 |
| 13 | A1   | B4   |    8 |
| 14 | A2   | B4   |    2 |
| 15 | A3   | B4   |    6 |
| 16 | A4   | B4   |    9 |
| 17 | A1   | B4   |    3 |
| 18 | A2   | B4   |    5 |
| 19 | A3   | B4   |    2 |
| 20 | A4   | B4   |    5 |
+----+------+------+------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
期望结果
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|C1    |B1   |B2   |B3   |B4   |Total |
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|A1    |9    |2    |1    |11   |23    |
|A2    |7    |9    |8    |7    |31    |
|A3    |4    |8    |8    |8    |28    |
|A4    |2    |5    |6    |14   |27    |
|Total |22   |24   |23   |40   |109   |
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
1. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total
mysql> SELECT
    ->     IFNULL(c1,'total') AS total,
    ->     SUM(IF(c2='B1',c3,0)) AS B1,
    ->     SUM(IF(c2='B2',c3,0)) AS B2,
    ->     SUM(IF(c2='B3',c3,0)) AS B3,
    ->     SUM(IF(c2='B4',c3,0)) AS B4,
    ->     SUM(IF(c2='total',c3,0)) AS total
    -> FROM (
    ->     SELECT c1,IFNULL(c2,'total') AS c2,SUM(c3) AS c3
    ->     FROM tx
    ->     GROUP BY c1,c2
    ->     WITH ROLLUP
    ->     HAVING c1 IS NOT NULL
    -> ) AS A
    -> GROUP BY c1
    -> WITH ROLLUP;
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| total | B1   | B2   | B3   | B4   | total |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1    |    9 |    2 |    1 |   11 |    23 |
| A2    |    7 |    9 |    8 |    7 |    31 |
| A3    |    4 |    8 |    8 |    8 |    28 |
| A4    |    2 |    5 |    6 |   14 |    27 |
| total |   22 |   24 |   23 |   40 |   109 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
2. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + UNION 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total
mysql> select c1,
    -> sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
    -> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
    -> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
    -> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL
    -> from tx
    -> group by C1
    -> UNION
    -> SELECT 'TOTAL',sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
    -> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
    -> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
    -> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) FROM TX
    -> ;
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| c1    | B1   | B2   | B3   | B4   | TOTAL |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1    |    9 |    2 |    1 |   11 |    23 |
| A2    |    7 |    9 |    8 |    7 |    31 |
| A3    |    4 |    8 |    8 |    8 |    28 |
| A4    |    2 |    5 |    6 |   14 |    27 |
| TOTAL |   22 |   24 |   23 |   40 |   109 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
 
3.  利用SUM(IF()) 生成列,直接生成结果不再利用子查询
mysql> select ifnull(c1,'total'),
    -> sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
    -> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
    -> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
    -> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL
    -> from tx
    -> group by C1 with rollup ;
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| ifnull(c1,'total') | B1   | B2   | B3   | B4   | TOTAL |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1                 |    9 |    2 |    1 |   11 |    23 |
| A2                 |    7 |    9 |    8 |    7 |    31 |
| A3                 |    4 |    8 |    8 |    8 |    28 |
| A4                 |    2 |    5 |    6 |   14 |    27 |
| total              |   22 |   24 |   23 |   40 |   109 |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

4. 动态，适用于列不确定情况，
mysql> SET @EE='';
mysql> SELECT @EE:=CONCAT(@EE,'SUM(IF(C2=\'',C2,'\'',',C3,0)) AS ',C2,',') FROM (SELECT DISTINCT C2 FROM TX) A;
 
mysql> SET @QQ=CONCAT('SELECT ifnull(c1,\'total\'),',LEFT(@EE,LENGTH(@EE)-1),' ,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL FROM TX GROUP BY C1 WITH ROLLUP');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> PREPARE stmt2 FROM @QQ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Statement prepared
mysql> EXECUTE stmt2;
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| ifnull(c1,'total') | B1   | B2   | B3   | B4   | TOTAL |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1                 |    9 |    2 |    1 |   11 |    23 |
| A2                 |    7 |    9 |    8 |    7 |    31 |
| A3                 |    4 |    8 |    8 |    8 |    28 |
| A4                 |    2 |    5 |    6 |   14 |    27 |
| total              |   22 |   24 |   23 |   40 |   109 |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

以上均由网友  liangCK , wwwwb , WWWWA , dap570提供, 再次感谢他们的支持。
其实数据库中也可以用 CASE WHEN / DECODE 代替 IF

到此，关于“mysql中的行列转换方法”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注创新互联网站，小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！