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简书改版后,根据文章标题搜索文章的功能就不见了。
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虽然简书提供了批量下载文章的功能,但是下载到本地的文章都是markdown格式的,不包含文章的链接,这不满足我的需求。
既然我是程序员,没有这个功能我就自己实现一个。
打开简书首页,发现默认只显示8篇文章,用鼠标滑动到屏幕底部后,会触发一个懒加载事件,到后台读取更多的文章列表,所以文章读取在服务器端是采取的分页实现。
打开Chrome开发者工具,观察网络请求,请求url中99b8712e8850是我简书用户id,page=2,3,4这些是分页代码。
每页的文章内容以html格式包含在响应结构里:
我关心的只是文章标题和文章链接,如上图高亮字段所示。
最开始我写了一个nodejs应用,代码如下:
var request = require('request');var jsdom = require("jsdom");var JSDOM = jsdom.JSDOM;const PREFIX = "https://www.jianshu.com";const PAGE = "https://www.jianshu.com/u/99b8712e8850?order_by=shared_at&page=";const MAX = 2;var mArticleResult = new Map();var pageNumber;/* a given article: https://www.jianshu.com/p/963cd23fb092 value got from API: /p/5c1d0319dc42 */var lastPageReached = false;var url = "";var aHandlers = [];// use limited for loop to ease testingfor(var i = 0; i < MAX; i++){ pageNumber = i + 1; var url = PAGE + pageNumber; // console.log("current page: " + url); var pageOptions = { url: url, method: "GET", headers: { "Accept": "text/html" } }; aHandlers.push(getArticles(pageOptions, pageNumber)); if( lastPageReached) break; }console.log("promise handler size: " + aHandlers.length);Promise.all(aHandlers).then(function(){ var articleIndex = 0; for (var [key, value] of mArticleResult) { console.log("Article[" + articleIndex++ + "]: " + key + " = " + value); } console.log("done"); } );function getArticles(pageOptions, pageNumber) { return new Promise(function(resolve,reject){ var requestC = request.defaults({jar: true}); requestC(pageOptions,function(error,response,body){ if( error){ console.log("error: " + error); resolve(error); } var document = new JSDOM(body).window.document; var content = document.getElementsByTagName("li"); for( var i =0; i < content.length; i++){ var li = content[i]; var children = li.childNodes; for( var j = 0; j < children.length; j++){ var eachChild = children[j]; if( eachChild.nodeName == "DIV"){ var grandChild = eachChild.childNodes; for( var k = 0; k < grandChild.length; k++){ var grand = grandChild[k]; if( grand.nodeName == "A"){ var fragment = grand.getAttribute("href"); if( fragment.indexOf("/p") < 0) continue; console.log("title: " + grand.text); var wholeURL = PREFIX + fragment; console.log("url: " + wholeURL); if( mArticleResult.has(grand.text)){ lastPageReached = true; console.log("article size: " + mArticleResult.size); resolve(pageNumber); } mArticleResult.set(grand.text, wholeURL); } } } } }// end of outer loop resolve(pageNumber); }); }); }
原理就是使用nodejs的request module,向简书网站同时发起多个请求,每个请求读取一页的简书文章。
后来发现这种方法在并发请求数大于10个的时候就无法工作,简书网站会拒绝该类请求,返回HTTP 429状态码。
所以最后我采用了最简单的同步请求实现,使用了nodejs提供的sync-request在循环里发起请求。
var request = require("sync-request");var jsdom = require("jsdom");var JSDOM = jsdom.JSDOM;var textEncoding = require('text-encoding'); var textDecoder = textEncoding.TextDecoder;const PREFIX = "https://www.jianshu.com";const PAGE = "https://www.jianshu.com/u/99b8712e8850?order_by=shared_at&page=";const MAX = 100;var mArticleResult = new Map();var lastPageReached = false;var pageNumber;/* a given article: https://www.jianshu.com/p/963cd23fb092 value got from API: /p/5c1d0319dc42 */try { // use limited for loop to ease testing for (var i = 0; i < MAX; i++) { if( lastPageReached) break; pageNumber = i + 1; var url = PAGE + pageNumber; console.log("current page: " + url); var response = request('GET', url); var html = new textDecoder("utf-8").decode(response.body); handleResponseHTML(html); } } catch (e) { }var articleIndex = 0;var resultHTML = "";const fs = require('fs');/* */var index = 1;for (var [key, value] of mArticleResult) { var article = "" + "\n"; resultHTML = resultHTML + article; console.log("Article[" + articleIndex++ + "]: " + value + " = " + key); } resultHTML = resultHTML + "";var pwd = process.cwd() + "/jianshu.html"; fs.appendFileSync(pwd, resultHTML);console.log("done");function handleResponseHTML(html) { var document = new JSDOM(html).window.document; var content = document.getElementsByTagName("li"); for (var i = 0; i < content.length; i++) { var li = content[i]; var children = li.childNodes; for (var j = 0; j < children.length; j++) { var eachChild = children[j]; if (eachChild.nodeName == "DIV") { var grandChild = eachChild.childNodes; for (var k = 0; k < grandChild.length; k++) { var grand = grandChild[k]; if (grand.nodeName == "A") { var fragment = grand.getAttribute("href"); if (fragment.indexOf("/p") < 0) continue; // console.log("title: " + grand.text); var wholeURL = PREFIX + fragment; // console.log("url: " + wholeURL); if (mArticleResult.has(wholeURL)) { lastPageReached = true; console.log("article size: " + mArticleResult.size); return; } mArticleResult.set(wholeURL, grand.text); } } } } } }
这个nodejs应用执行后,会在本地生成一个html文件,包含每篇文章的标题和超链接。
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