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本文以一个用户控件【User Control】实现温度计的小例子,简述用户控件的相关知识,以供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
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一般而言,用户控件【User Control】,是在Visual Studio提供的默认控件不能满足实际的工作需要,才需要在现有控件的基础之上进行新的扩展,来实现自己的功能。用户控件有自己特有的属性,事件,方法来支撑特定的功能。用户控件封装实现的细节,可以进行方便的复用。
用户控件分类
用户控件主要有以下三种分类,本例采用的是第三种。
涉及知识点
本例中主要涉及以下知识点:
示例效果图
本例中示例效果图如下所示:
关键代码
本例中的关键代码如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System.Data; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace DemoThermometer { public partial class Thermometer : UserControl { #region 属性与构造函数 private int interval = 10; ////// 刻度间隔 /// public int Interval { get { return interval; } set { interval = value; } } private int minValue = -50; ////// 最低温度 /// public int MinValue { get { return minValue; } set { minValue = value; } } private int maxValue = 50; ////// 最高温度 /// public int MaxValue { get { return maxValue; } set { maxValue = value; } } private float curValue = 0; ////// 当前温度 /// public float CurValue { get { return curValue; } set { curValue = value; } } private Color thermoColor = Color.Red; ////// 温度条颜色 /// public Color ThermoColor { get { return thermoColor; } set { thermoColor = value; } } private Color backGroundColor = Color.SkyBlue; ////// 温度计背景色 /// public Color BackGroundColor { get { return backGroundColor; } set { backGroundColor = value; } } private Font thermoFont=new Font("宋体",10,FontStyle.Regular); ////// 温度计上字体 /// public Font ThermoFont { get { return thermoFont; } set { thermoFont = value; } } private string thermoTitle = "温度计"; ////// 标题 /// public string ThermoTitle { get { return this.thermoTitle; } set { this.thermoTitle = value; } } private bool showTip = false; ////// 是否显示提示 /// public bool ShowTip { get { return showTip; } set { showTip = value; } } private ToolTip tip=new ToolTip(); public Thermometer() { InitializeComponent(); } #endregion protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) { //base.OnPaint(e); //this.BackColor = this.backGroundColor; int width = this.Width; int height = this.Height - 50 ; Graphics g = e.Graphics; int c_x = width / 2; int c_y = height / 2; int padding = this.Padding.All;//空白 int r = (width - 2 * padding)/2;//半径 int d = 2 * r;//直径 int dis = 2;//两个半圆之间的间隔 int dis2 = 2 * dis;//填充与边框之间的距离 int startAngle1 = -180; int startAngle2 = 0; int sweepAngle1 = 180; //首先画顶端一个半圆 g.DrawPie(Pens.Black, new Rectangle(padding, padding, d, d),startAngle1, sweepAngle1); g.DrawPie(Pens.Black, new Rectangle(padding+ dis, padding+ dis, d-2* dis, d-2* dis), startAngle1, sweepAngle1); //填充背景色 g.FillPie(new SolidBrush(this.backGroundColor), new Rectangle(padding + dis2, padding + dis2, d - 2*dis2, d - 2*dis2), startAngle1, sweepAngle1); //画底端一个半圆 g.DrawPie(Pens.Black, new Rectangle(padding, height-d-padding, d, d), startAngle2, sweepAngle1); g.DrawPie(Pens.Black, new Rectangle(padding + dis, height-d-padding + dis, d - 2*dis, d - 2*dis), startAngle2, sweepAngle1); g.FillPie(new SolidBrush(this.backGroundColor), new Rectangle(padding + dis2, height - d - padding+dis2, d - 2*dis2, d - 2*dis2), startAngle2, sweepAngle1); //画一个矩形 g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Black, new Rectangle(padding, padding + r, d, height - d - 2 * padding)); g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Black, new Rectangle(padding+dis, padding + r+dis, d-2*dis, height - d - 2 * padding-2*dis)); //背景色填充,去掉边界线 g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(this.backGroundColor), new Rectangle(padding+3, padding + r-2, 2 * r-6, 6)); g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(this.backGroundColor), new Rectangle(padding + 3, height-r-padding-4, 2 * r - 6, 8)); //背景色填充中间部分 g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(this.backGroundColor), new Rectangle(padding + dis2, padding + r + dis2, d - 2*dis2, height -d - 2 * padding - 2*dis2)); //画刻度 int s_s_x_1 = padding + r - 20; int s_s_x_2 = width-padding - r + 20; int s_s_y = padding + r+4; int total = this.maxValue - this.minValue; int scale_width = 5;//刻度宽度 int scale = total / this.interval; int pscale = (height - 2 * r - 2 * padding) / this.interval;//像素间隔 //竖线 g.DrawLine(Pens.Black, new Point(s_s_x_1, s_s_y ), new Point(s_s_x_1, s_s_y + this.interval* pscale)); g.DrawLine(Pens.Black, new Point(s_s_x_2, s_s_y), new Point(s_s_x_2, s_s_y + this.interval * pscale)); for (int i = 0; i <= this.interval; i++) { //横线刻度 g.DrawLine(Pens.Black, new Point(s_s_x_1- scale_width, s_s_y + i * pscale), new Point(s_s_x_1, s_s_y + i * pscale)); g.DrawLine(Pens.Black, new Point(s_s_x_2, s_s_y + i * pscale), new Point(s_s_x_2 + scale_width, s_s_y + i * pscale)); //画刻度数字 g.DrawString((this.maxValue - (scale * i)).ToString(), this.thermoFont, new SolidBrush( this.ForeColor), new Point(s_s_x_1-35, s_s_y + i * pscale-10)); g.DrawString((this.maxValue - (scale * i)).ToString(), this.thermoFont, new SolidBrush(this.ForeColor), new Point(s_s_x_2 + 10, s_s_y + i * pscale-10)); } int white_width = 3;//中间白色线宽度 //画条白色细线 g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, new Rectangle(c_x- white_width, r/2, white_width*2, height-r)); //在底部画一个圆球 g.FillPie(new SolidBrush(this.thermoColor), new Rectangle(c_x-r/2+5, height - r - padding, r-10, r-10), 0, 360); //根据当前温度画红色线 int red_width = 5;//红色温度线宽度 float ii = ( this.curValue-this.minValue) / this.interval; g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(this.thermoColor), new RectangleF(c_x - red_width, height - r - padding- (ii * pscale)-4, 2* red_width, ii * pscale+5));//此处有一像素的误差 //画标志字符单℃位 g.DrawString("℃", this.thermoFont, new SolidBrush(this.ForeColor), new Point(c_x - 30, r / 2 - 10)); Font titleFont = new Font("宋体", 13, FontStyle.Bold); //绘制标题 SizeF tsize = g.MeasureString(this.thermoTitle, titleFont); g.DrawString(this.thermoTitle, titleFont, new SolidBrush(this.ForeColor), new PointF(c_x- (tsize.Width/2), height + 5)); string cur = string.Format("当前温度:{0}℃", this.curValue); SizeF tsize2 = g.MeasureString(cur, this.thermoFont); g.DrawString(cur, this.thermoFont, new SolidBrush(this.thermoColor), new PointF(c_x - (tsize2.Width / 2), height + 10+tsize.Height)); } ////// 当鼠标覆盖进去时 /// /// protected override void OnMouseHover(EventArgs e) { this.showTip = true; //需要显示的内容 int x = this.Width / 2; int y = (this.Height-50) / 2; StringBuilder sbTips = new StringBuilder(); //sbTips.AppendLine(this.ThermoTitle); sbTips.AppendLine(string.Format("当前温度:{0}", this.curValue)); sbTips.AppendLine("单位:℃"); tip.ToolTipTitle = this.ThermoTitle; tip.IsBalloon = true; tip.UseFading = true; //t.SetToolTip(this, sbTips.ToString()); tip.Show(sbTips.ToString(), this, x, y); } protected override void OnMouseLeave(EventArgs e) { this.showTip = false; tip.Hide(this); } } }
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