大橙子网站建设,新征程启航

为企业提供网站建设、域名注册、服务器等服务

MongoDB修改数据update和save方法-创新互联

   前面我简单介绍了下MongoDB怎样插入数据.那么数据插入到数据库中,就可能会修改数据.在MongoDB中,它提供了修改数据的方法:update.下面,我来简单说下update的使用方法.
首先,我们操作的数据都存放在test数据库中的name集合,集合中有4条记录如下:
> db
test
> show collections
name
system.indexes
> db.name.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "xiaoqiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "dengdeng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "guage", "lname" : "zeng" }
下面我们来试着修改一下这些数据.在前面的插入中,我说过,插入时可以以文档的的方式插入,也可以先把文档赋值给变量,再以变量的方式插入.update方法也可以用这两种方式.我先用文档的方式来修改集合中的第二条记录,命令如下:
> db.name.update({"_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc")},{"fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he"})
> db.name.find()   #检查发现,数据修改过来了,和预期的结果一样
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "dengdeng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "guage", "lname" : "zeng" }
我们再用变量的方式来修改该集合中的第三条记录.首先将它找出来赋值给变量someone:
> someone=db.name.findOne({"_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd")})
{
   "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"),
   "fname" : "dengdeng",
   "lname" : "pan"
}
重新赋值你要修改的内容来修改变量someone的值:
> someone.fname="deng"
deng
用修改过的变量替换之前文档的位置来达到修改数据的目的:
> db.name.update({"_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd")},someone)
> db.name.find()   #检查发现,数据修改过来了,和预期的结果一样
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "deng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "guage", "lname" : "zeng" }
之前我说过,save函数实际就是根据参数条件,调用了insert或update函数.那么save方法是否也能实现数据的修改操作呢?下面我们来实验一下.首先还是以文档的方式来进行修改操作:
> db.name.save({"_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce")}, {"fname" : "dongren", "lname" : "zeng"})
> db.name.find()   #检查发现,数据修改过来了,但和预期的结果不一样,跟之前插入数据一样,save方法也同样将第二个参数"忽略"了.
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "deng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce") }
正确的操作方式如下:
> db.name.save({"_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "dongren", "lname" : "zeng"})
> db.name.find()   #检查发现,数据修改过来了,和预期的结果一样
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "deng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "dongren", "lname" : "zeng" }
下面使用变量的方式来修改:
> someone=db.name.findOne({"_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce")})
{
   "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"),
   "fname" : "dongren",
   "lname" : "zeng"
}
> someone.fname="guage"
guage
> db.name.save(someone)
> db.name.find()   #检查发现,数据修改过来了,和预期的结果一样
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "deng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "guage", "lname" : "zeng" }
下面,我们也同样来看看save和update这两方法的具体实现.首先是save方法:
> db.name.save
function (obj) {
   if (obj == null || typeof obj == "undefined") {
       throw "can't save a null";
   }
   if (typeof obj == "number" || typeof obj == "string") {
       throw "can't save a number or string";
   }
   if (typeof obj._id == "undefined") {
       obj._id = new ObjectId;
       return this.insert(obj);
   } else {
       return this.update({_id:obj._id}, obj, true);
   }
}
参数说明:
   obj:要更新的记录,只能是单条记录,如果collection没有存在与obj一样的id,则添加一条记录,否则更新.
再来看看update方法:
> db.name.update
function (query, obj, upsert, multi) {
   assert(query, "need a query");
   assert(obj, "need an object");
   var firstKey = null;
   for (var k in obj) {
       firstKey = k;
       break;
   }
   if (firstKey != null && firstKey[0] == "$") {
       this._validateObject(obj);
   } else {
       this._validateForStorage(obj);
   }
   if (typeof upsert === "object") {
       assert(multi === undefined, "Fourth argument must be empty when specifying upsert and multi with an object.");
       opts = upsert;
       multi = opts.multi;
       upsert = opts.upsert;
   }
   this._db._initExtraInfo();
   this._mongo.update(this._fullName, query, obj, upsert ? true : false, multi ? true : false);
   this._db._getExtraInfo("Updated");
}
参数说明:
       1)query:查询条件,类似于update语句内where后面的内容
       2)obj:update的对象和一些更新的操作符(如$、$inc等),也可以理解为关系型数据库update语句内set后面的内容
       3)upsert:如果不存在update的纪录,是否插入obj这个新的document。true为插入,默认是false,不插入
       4)multi:默认是false,只更新找到的第一条纪录,如果为true,按条件查出来的多条纪录全部更新。

  update方法至少得接收两个参数:要修改的对象(query)和修改后的对象(obj),而后两个参数它的默认值均为false.下面我再来简单实验下,后两个参数的基本用法.
  首先说说第四个参数multi的作用:默认是false,只更新找到的第一条纪录,如果为true,按条件查出来的多条纪录全部更新.
> db.name.update({fname:"jeff"},{$set:{lname:"li"}},false,false)   #为了让大家看得清楚点,我把后两个值都写了出来,这里可以不用写的,因为默认均为false.这里用到了修改器$set,关于修改器我将在以后介绍
> db.name.find()   #参数multi的值是false,只更新找到的第一条纪录
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "li" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "deng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "guage", "lname" : "zeng" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592ead955cfb1fd75066cf"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "chen" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592ecb955cfb1fd75066d0"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "zhao" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592edb955cfb1fd75066d1"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "qian" }
> db.name.update({fname:"jeff"},{$set:{lname:"jiang"}},false,true)
> db.name.find()   #参数multi的值是true,更新找到的所有纪录
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "deng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "guage", "lname" : "zeng" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592ead955cfb1fd75066cf"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592ecb955cfb1fd75066d0"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592edb955cfb1fd75066d1"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
再来看看第三个参数upsert的作用:如果不存在update的纪录,是否插入obj这个新的document。true为插入,默认是false,不插入.
> db.name.update({fname:"jeffery"},{$set:{lname:"jiang"}},false,true)
> db.name.find() #参数upsert的值是false,不插入
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "deng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "guage", "lname" : "zeng" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592ead955cfb1fd75066cf"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592ecb955cfb1fd75066d0"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592edb955cfb1fd75066d1"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
> db.name.update({fname:"jeffery"},{$set:{lname:"jiang"}},true,true)
> db.name.find() #参数upsert的值是true,插入.又学到一种插入数据的方法!
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059221f955cfb1fd75066cb"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059223a955cfb1fd75066cc"), "fname" : "qiang", "lname" : "he" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592245955cfb1fd75066cd"), "fname" : "deng", "lname" : "pan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592253955cfb1fd75066ce"), "fname" : "guage", "lname" : "zeng" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592ead955cfb1fd75066cf"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592ecb955cfb1fd75066d0"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50592edb955cfb1fd75066d1"), "fname" : "jeff", "lname" : "jiang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5059357ad3ba22406ad408e6"), "fname" : "jeffery", "lname" : "jiang" }

update方法操作其实还是有点复杂的,这里我只简单地介绍了下它的基体操作,复杂的操作是合理利用各种修改器,以达到更高效更方便的管理.关于修改器的使用,我将在以后实验.

另外有需要云服务器可以了解下创新互联cdcxhl.cn,海内外云服务器15元起步,三天无理由+7*72小时售后在线,公司持有idc许可证,提供“云服务器、裸金属服务器、高防服务器、香港服务器、美国服务器、虚拟主机、免备案服务器”等云主机租用服务以及企业上云的综合解决方案,具有“安全稳定、简单易用、服务可用性高、性价比高”等特点与优势,专为企业上云打造定制,能够满足用户丰富、多元化的应用场景需求。

成都创新互联专注于阳朔企业网站建设,响应式网站,商城网站开发。阳朔网站建设公司,为阳朔等地区提供建站服务。全流程按需定制制作,专业设计,全程项目跟踪,成都创新互联专业和态度为您提供的服务
当前题目:MongoDB修改数据update和save方法-创新互联
本文网址:http://dzwzjz.com/article/dhsjsc.html
在线咨询
服务热线
服务热线:028-86922220
TOP