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linux常用的网络管理命令-创新互联

网络配置

rhel/Centos中常用的网络管理命令:

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设置ip基本信息相关配置文件

5,6版本:system-config-network(setup)

         配置文件位置:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[0-n]

7版本:nmcil nmtui(图形界面)

         配置文件位置:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-en*****

 ifcfg-eth0,ifcfg-en******网络配置文件信息

TYPE=Ethernet      #接口类型为以太网卡

BOOTPROTO=none  #获取地址协议dhcp(自动获取),static(手动配置),none

HWADDR=00:0C:29:75:A1:89  #网卡MAC

UUID=be9d332f-ae79-42b6-8040-d2d431e4e195 #网卡标识

#DEVICE=eno16777736  #7系列的网卡名称

DEVICE=eth0           #5,6系列的网卡名

ONBOOT=yes         #开机自动激活网卡,no不激活

IPADDR=10.76.249.91

GATEWAY=10.76.249.2

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

DNS=8.8.4.4

配置IP地址

 临时添加IP地址,重启后失效

ip addr add  192.168.1.150/24 dev eth0

或者

# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.150/24 up  #重启后会失效,第一张网卡为eth0,第二张为eth2依此类推

# ifconfig

eth0    1.1 Link  encap:Ethernet HWaddr  00:0C:29:75:A1:89

         inet  addr:192.168.1.150  Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

         inet6 addr:  fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:a189/64 Scope:Link

         UP BROADCAST RUNNING  MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

         RX packets:5682  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

         TX packets:4136  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

         collisions:0  txqueuelen:1000

         RX bytes:412252  (402.5 KiB) TX bytes:4464715 (4.2 MiB)

配置默认路由

# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1

#default  via 192.168.1.1devinterface

网卡相关状态查看

1.查看IP

# ip addr show

1: lo: mtu 65536 disc noqueue state  UNKNOWN

   link/loopback  00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

   inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host  lo

      valid_lft forever  preferred_lft forever

   inet6 ::1/128 scope host

      valid_lft forever  preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: 1UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc  pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

   link/ether 200:0c:29:e1:c5:8a  brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

   inet 310.76.249.91/24  brd 10.76.249.255 scope global eno16777736

      valid_lft forever  preferred_lft forever

   inet6  fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64 scope link

      valid_lft forever  preferred_lft forever

1:网卡状态已经启动

2:网卡的mac地址

3:网卡”eno16777736”地址

或者

# ifconfig

eth0     Link  encap:Ethernet HWaddr  00:0C:29:75:A1:89

         inet  addr:192.168.1.150  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

         inet6 addr:  fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:a189/64 Scope:Link

         UP BROADCAST RUNNING  MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

         RX packets:6386  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

         TX packets:4436  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

         collisions:0  txqueuelen:1000

         RX bytes:467110  (456.1 KiB) TX bytes:4502451 (4.2 MiB)

lo       Link encap:Local  Loopback

         inet  addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

         inet6 addr: ::1/128  Scope:Host

         UP LOOPBACK  RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

         RX packets:66  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

         TX packets:66  errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

         collisions:0  txqueuelen:0

         RX bytes:3482 (3.4  KiB) TX bytes:3482 (3.4 KiB)

或者

# nmcli dev show eth0

GENERAL.设备:                          eth0

GENERAL.类型:                          ethernet

GENERAL.硬盘:                          00:0C:29:E1:C5:8A

GENERAL.MTU:                           1500

GENERAL.状态:                          100 (连接的)

GENERAL.CONNECTION:                    eno16777736

GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1

WIRED-PROPERTIES.容器:                 开

IP4.地址[1]:                           10.76.249.91/24

IP4.网关:                              10.76.249.2

IP6.地址[1]:                            fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64

IP6.网关:


2.查看收发包状态

# ip -s link show eth0

2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc  pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

   link/ether  00:0c:29:75:a1:89 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

   RX: bytes packets  errors dropped overrun  mcast

   477844    6528     0      0      0       0

   TX: bytes packets  errors dropped carrier collsns

4508951   4492    0       0      0      0

或者

# ifconfig –s eth0

Iface  MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR   TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg

eth0      1500  0     6459     0     0      0    4455     0      0     0 BMRU

3.显示显示主机默认路由

#ip route

default via 10.76.249.2 dev eth0  proto static metric 100

10.76.249.0/24 dev eth0 proto  kernel scope link src 10.76.249.91 metric 100

 4.显示连接状态

常用到的选项

 ss和netstat使用方法相似,但是ss效率要比较高,消耗性能比较少。

选项

功能

-l

监听状态的连接

-n

不解析服务名以数字显示

-t

显示TCP连接

-u

显示UDP连接

-a

显示所有状态

-p

显示以哪个进程发起的连接

常用的组合

-tan,-tanl, -tanlp, -uan

几种状态信息

 State: LISTEN(监听),ESTAB(已建立的链接)

# ss  -tna

State      Recv-Q Send-Q                      Local Address:Port 本地端口                         Peer Address:Port 客户端端口

LISTEN     0      128                                     :::22                                    :::*

LISTEN     0      128                                     *:22                                      *:*

LISTEN     0      128                              127.0.0.1:6010                                   *:*

LISTEN     0      128                                    ::1:6010                                  :::*

LISTEN     0      128                              127.0.0.1:6011                                   *:*

LISTEN     0      128                                    ::1:6011                                  :::*

LISTEN      0      128                              127.0.0.1:6012                                   *:*

LISTEN     0      128                                    ::1:6012                                  :::*

LISTEN     0      128                             127.0.0.1:6013                                   *:*

LISTEN     0      128                                    ::1:6013                                  :::*

ESTAB      0      0                            192.168.1.106:22                         192.168.1.103:63167

ESTAB      0      0                            192.168.1.150:22                         192.168.1.103:63753

ESTAB      0      52                           192.168.1.150:22                         192.168.1.103:54953

ESTAB      0      0                            192.168.1.106:22                         192.168.1.103:63134

Centos/Redhat 7系列回归传统网卡命名

  1. 修改网卡文件内容

# cat  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg- eno16777736

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

NAME=eno16777736

UUID=be9d332f-ae79-42b6-8040-d2d431e4e195

#DEVICE=eno16777736  #注释掉原来的命名

DEVICE=eth0          #传统命名

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.76.249.91

GATEWAY=10.76.249.2

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

  1. 重命名网卡文件

# mv  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

  1. 编辑/etc/default/grub配置文件

# vim /etc/default/grub

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true

GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"

#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root  rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet" #修改前

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0  rhgb quiet" #修改后

GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

  1. 为grub2生成其配置文件

# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

Generating grub configuration file ...

Found linux p_w_picpath: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64

Found initrd p_w_picpath: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64.img

Found linux p_w_picpath:  /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-16de415bcbd643d886010c2fe954d9cb

Found initrd p_w_picpath:  /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-16de415bcbd643d886010c2fe954d9cb.img

done

  1. 重启系统

  2. 验证结果

# ip addr show eth0

2: eth0:   mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP  qlen 1000

   link/ether  00:0c:29:e1:c5:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

   inet  10.76.249.91/24 brd 10.76.249.255 scope global eth0

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

   inet6  fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft  forever

nmcli

nmcli:网络管理命令行接口:NetworkManagerCommand-Line Interface

nmtui:网络管理文本用户接口:NetworkManager Text-User Interface

RHEL7之后的网络配置命令

[root@localhost conf.d]# nmcli --help

Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

OPTIONS

 -t[erse]                                  terse  output

 -p[retty]                                 pretty  output

 -m[ode]  tabular|multiline                  output mode

 -f[ields]  |all|common   specify fields to output

 -e[scape] yes|no                          escape columns  separators in values

 -n[ocheck]                                don't check  nmcli and NetworkManager versions

 -a[sk]                                     ask for  missing parameters

 -w[ait]                          set timeout waiting  for finishing operations

 -v[ersion]                                show program  version

 -h[elp]                                   print this help

OBJECT

 g[eneral]      NetworkManager's general status and  operations

 n[etworking]   overall networking control

 r[adio]        NetworkManager radio switches

 c[onnection]   NetworkManager's connections  简写为c

 d[evice]       devices managed by NetworkManager 简写为d

 a[gent]        NetworkManager secret agent or  polkit agent

重新加载网络配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c reload

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c load/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

配置IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con mod eno16777736 ipv4.addresses '192.168.1.119/24'

                                网卡名使用查看# nmcli con show

配置DNS

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli  con  mod  eno16777736  ipv4.dns  '8.8.4.4'

配置网关

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli  con  mod  eno16777736   ipv4.gateway  '192.168.1.1'

停启用网卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev dis eth0

                        dis 为 disconnect

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con up  eth0

查看相关信息

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status

DEVICE TYPE     STATE     CONNECTION

eth0   ethernet connected  eno16777736

lo     loopback unmanaged --

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

nmtui 图形配置界面比较简洁

[root@localhost ~]# nmtui

linux常用的网络管理命令

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