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这篇文章主要介绍如何使用Tensorflow构建和训练自己的CNN来做验证码识别方式,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!
创新互联建站是一家以成都网站建设、网页设计、品牌设计、软件运维、成都网站推广、小程序App开发等移动开发为一体互联网公司。已累计为成都自拌料搅拌车等众行业中小客户提供优质的互联网建站和软件开发服务。1. 准备训练样本
使用Python的库captcha来生成我们需要的训练样本,代码如下:
import sys import os import shutil import random import time #captcha是用于生成验证码图片的库,可以 pip install captcha 来安装它 from captcha.image import ImageCaptcha #用于生成验证码的字符集 CHAR_SET = ['0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] #字符集的长度 CHAR_SET_LEN = 10 #验证码的长度,每个验证码由4个数字组成 CAPTCHA_LEN = 4 #验证码图片的存放路径 CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH = 'E:/Tensorflow/captcha/images/' #用于模型测试的验证码图片的存放路径,它里面的验证码图片作为测试集 TEST_IMAGE_PATH = 'E:/Tensorflow/captcha/test/' #用于模型测试的验证码图片的个数,从生成的验证码图片中取出来放入测试集中 TEST_IMAGE_NUMBER = 50 #生成验证码图片,4位的十进制数字可以有10000种验证码 def generate_captcha_image(charSet = CHAR_SET, charSetLen=CHAR_SET_LEN, captchaImgPath=CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH): k = 0 total = 1 for i in range(CAPTCHA_LEN): total *= charSetLen for i in range(charSetLen): for j in range(charSetLen): for m in range(charSetLen): for n in range(charSetLen): captcha_text = charSet[i] + charSet[j] + charSet[m] + charSet[n] image = ImageCaptcha() image.write(captcha_text, captchaImgPath + captcha_text + '.jpg') k += 1 sys.stdout.write("\rCreating %d/%d" % (k, total)) sys.stdout.flush() #从验证码的图片集中取出一部分作为测试集,这些图片不参加训练,只用于模型的测试 def prepare_test_set(): fileNameList = [] for filePath in os.listdir(CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH): captcha_name = filePath.split('/')[-1] fileNameList.append(captcha_name) random.seed(time.time()) random.shuffle(fileNameList) for i in range(TEST_IMAGE_NUMBER): name = fileNameList[i] shutil.move(CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH + name, TEST_IMAGE_PATH + name) if __name__ == '__main__': generate_captcha_image(CHAR_SET, CHAR_SET_LEN, CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH) prepare_test_set() sys.stdout.write("\nFinished") sys.stdout.flush()
运行上面的代码,可以生成验证码图片,
生成的验证码图片如下图所示:
2. 构建CNN,训练分类器
代码如下:
import tensorflow as tf import numpy as np from PIL import Image import os import random import time #验证码图片的存放路径 CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH = 'E:/Tensorflow/captcha/images/' #验证码图片的宽度 CAPTCHA_IMAGE_WIDHT = 160 #验证码图片的高度 CAPTCHA_IMAGE_HEIGHT = 60 CHAR_SET_LEN = 10 CAPTCHA_LEN = 4 #60%的验证码图片放入训练集中 TRAIN_IMAGE_PERCENT = 0.6 #训练集,用于训练的验证码图片的文件名 TRAINING_IMAGE_NAME = [] #验证集,用于模型验证的验证码图片的文件名 VALIDATION_IMAGE_NAME = [] #存放训练好的模型的路径 MODEL_SAVE_PATH = 'E:/Tensorflow/captcha/models/' def get_image_file_name(imgPath=CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH): fileName = [] total = 0 for filePath in os.listdir(imgPath): captcha_name = filePath.split('/')[-1] fileName.append(captcha_name) total += 1 return fileName, total #将验证码转换为训练时用的标签向量,维数是 40 #例如,如果验证码是 ‘0296' ,则对应的标签是 # [1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 # 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0] def name2label(name): label = np.zeros(CAPTCHA_LEN * CHAR_SET_LEN) for i, c in enumerate(name): idx = i*CHAR_SET_LEN + ord(c) - ord('0') label[idx] = 1 return label #取得验证码图片的数据以及它的标签 def get_data_and_label(fileName, filePath=CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH): pathName = os.path.join(filePath, fileName) img = Image.open(pathName) #转为灰度图 img = img.convert("L") image_array = np.array(img) image_data = image_array.flatten()/255 image_label = name2label(fileName[0:CAPTCHA_LEN]) return image_data, image_label #生成一个训练batch def get_next_batch(batchSize=32, trainOrTest='train', step=0): batch_data = np.zeros([batchSize, CAPTCHA_IMAGE_WIDHT*CAPTCHA_IMAGE_HEIGHT]) batch_label = np.zeros([batchSize, CAPTCHA_LEN * CHAR_SET_LEN]) fileNameList = TRAINING_IMAGE_NAME if trainOrTest == 'validate': fileNameList = VALIDATION_IMAGE_NAME totalNumber = len(fileNameList) indexStart = step*batchSize for i in range(batchSize): index = (i + indexStart) % totalNumber name = fileNameList[index] img_data, img_label = get_data_and_label(name) batch_data[i, : ] = img_data batch_label[i, : ] = img_label return batch_data, batch_label #构建卷积神经网络并训练 def train_data_with_CNN(): #初始化权值 def weight_variable(shape, name='weight'): init = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1) var = tf.Variable(initial_value=init, name=name) return var #初始化偏置 def bias_variable(shape, name='bias'): init = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape) var = tf.Variable(init, name=name) return var #卷积 def conv2d(x, W, name='conv2d'): return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1,1,1,1], padding='SAME', name=name) #池化 def max_pool_2X2(x, name='maxpool'): return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1,2,2,1], strides=[1,2,2,1], padding='SAME', name=name) #输入层 #请注意 X 的 name,在测试model时会用到它 X = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, CAPTCHA_IMAGE_WIDHT * CAPTCHA_IMAGE_HEIGHT], name='data-input') Y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, CAPTCHA_LEN * CHAR_SET_LEN], name='label-input') x_input = tf.reshape(X, [-1, CAPTCHA_IMAGE_HEIGHT, CAPTCHA_IMAGE_WIDHT, 1], name='x-input') #dropout,防止过拟合 #请注意 keep_prob 的 name,在测试model时会用到它 keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='keep-prob') #第一层卷积 W_conv1 = weight_variable([5,5,1,32], 'W_conv1') B_conv1 = bias_variable([32], 'B_conv1') conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_input, W_conv1, 'conv1') + B_conv1) conv1 = max_pool_2X2(conv1, 'conv1-pool') conv1 = tf.nn.dropout(conv1, keep_prob) #第二层卷积 W_conv2 = weight_variable([5,5,32,64], 'W_conv2') B_conv2 = bias_variable([64], 'B_conv2') conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(conv1, W_conv2,'conv2') + B_conv2) conv2 = max_pool_2X2(conv2, 'conv2-pool') conv2 = tf.nn.dropout(conv2, keep_prob) #第三层卷积 W_conv3 = weight_variable([5,5,64,64], 'W_conv3') B_conv3 = bias_variable([64], 'B_conv3') conv3 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(conv2, W_conv3, 'conv3') + B_conv3) conv3 = max_pool_2X2(conv3, 'conv3-pool') conv3 = tf.nn.dropout(conv3, keep_prob) #全链接层 #每次池化后,图片的宽度和高度均缩小为原来的一半,进过上面的三次池化,宽度和高度均缩小8倍 W_fc1 = weight_variable([20*8*64, 1024], 'W_fc1') B_fc1 = bias_variable([1024], 'B_fc1') fc1 = tf.reshape(conv3, [-1, 20*8*64]) fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.add(tf.matmul(fc1, W_fc1), B_fc1)) fc1 = tf.nn.dropout(fc1, keep_prob) #输出层 W_fc2 = weight_variable([1024, CAPTCHA_LEN * CHAR_SET_LEN], 'W_fc2') B_fc2 = bias_variable([CAPTCHA_LEN * CHAR_SET_LEN], 'B_fc2') output = tf.add(tf.matmul(fc1, W_fc2), B_fc2, 'output') loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=Y, logits=output)) optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.001).minimize(loss) predict = tf.reshape(output, [-1, CAPTCHA_LEN, CHAR_SET_LEN], name='predict') labels = tf.reshape(Y, [-1, CAPTCHA_LEN, CHAR_SET_LEN], name='labels') #预测结果 #请注意 predict_max_idx 的 name,在测试model时会用到它 predict_max_idx = tf.argmax(predict, axis=2, name='predict_max_idx') labels_max_idx = tf.argmax(labels, axis=2, name='labels_max_idx') predict_correct_vec = tf.equal(predict_max_idx, labels_max_idx) accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(predict_correct_vec, tf.float32)) saver = tf.train.Saver() with tf.Session() as sess: sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer()) steps = 0 for epoch in range(6000): train_data, train_label = get_next_batch(64, 'train', steps) sess.run(optimizer, feed_dict={X : train_data, Y : train_label, keep_prob:0.75}) if steps % 100 == 0: test_data, test_label = get_next_batch(100, 'validate', steps) acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X : test_data, Y : test_label, keep_prob:1.0}) print("steps=%d, accuracy=%f" % (steps, acc)) if acc > 0.99: saver.save(sess, MODEL_SAVE_PATH+"crack_captcha.model", global_step=steps) break steps += 1 if __name__ == '__main__': image_filename_list, total = get_image_file_name(CAPTCHA_IMAGE_PATH) random.seed(time.time()) #打乱顺序 random.shuffle(image_filename_list) trainImageNumber = int(total * TRAIN_IMAGE_PERCENT) #分成测试集 TRAINING_IMAGE_NAME = image_filename_list[ : trainImageNumber] #和验证集 VALIDATION_IMAGE_NAME = image_filename_list[trainImageNumber : ] train_data_with_CNN() print('Training finished')
运行上面的代码,开始训练,训练要花些时间,如果没有GPU的话,会慢些,
训练完后,输出如下结果,经过4100次的迭代,训练出来的分类器模型在验证集上识别的准确率为99.5%
生成的模型文件如下,在模型测试时将用到这些文件
3. 测试模型
编写代码,对训练出来的模型进行测试
import tensorflow as tf import numpy as np from PIL import Image import os import matplotlib.pyplot as plt CAPTCHA_LEN = 4 MODEL_SAVE_PATH = 'E:/Tensorflow/captcha/models/' TEST_IMAGE_PATH = 'E:/Tensorflow/captcha/test/' def get_image_data_and_name(fileName, filePath=TEST_IMAGE_PATH): pathName = os.path.join(filePath, fileName) img = Image.open(pathName) #转为灰度图 img = img.convert("L") image_array = np.array(img) image_data = image_array.flatten()/255 image_name = fileName[0:CAPTCHA_LEN] return image_data, image_name def digitalStr2Array(digitalStr): digitalList = [] for c in digitalStr: digitalList.append(ord(c) - ord('0')) return np.array(digitalList) def model_test(): nameList = [] for pathName in os.listdir(TEST_IMAGE_PATH): nameList.append(pathName.split('/')[-1]) totalNumber = len(nameList) #加载graph saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph(MODEL_SAVE_PATH+"crack_captcha.model-4100.meta") graph = tf.get_default_graph() #从graph取得 tensor,他们的name是在构建graph时定义的(查看上面第2步里的代码) input_holder = graph.get_tensor_by_name("data-input:0") keep_prob_holder = graph.get_tensor_by_name("keep-prob:0") predict_max_idx = graph.get_tensor_by_name("predict_max_idx:0") with tf.Session() as sess: saver.restore(sess, tf.train.latest_checkpoint(MODEL_SAVE_PATH)) count = 0 for fileName in nameList: img_data, img_name = get_image_data_and_name(fileName, TEST_IMAGE_PATH) predict = sess.run(predict_max_idx, feed_dict={input_holder:[img_data], keep_prob_holder : 1.0}) filePathName = TEST_IMAGE_PATH + fileName print(filePathName) img = Image.open(filePathName) plt.imshow(img) plt.axis('off') plt.show() predictValue = np.squeeze(predict) rightValue = digitalStr2Array(img_name) if np.array_equal(predictValue, rightValue): result = '正确' count += 1 else: result = '错误' print('实际值:{}, 预测值:{},测试结果:{}'.format(rightValue, predictValue, result)) print('\n') print('正确率:%.2f%%(%d/%d)' % (count*100/totalNumber, count, totalNumber)) if __name__ == '__main__': model_test()
对模型的测试结果如下,在测试集上识别的准确率为 94%
下面是两个识别错误的验证码
以上是“如何使用Tensorflow构建和训练自己的CNN来做验证码识别方式”这篇文章的所有内容,感谢各位的阅读!希望分享的内容对大家有帮助,更多相关知识,欢迎关注创新互联成都网站设计公司行业资讯频道!
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