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深入浅出java并发编程(ReentrantLock)-创新互联

快速上手
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    // ...

    public void m() {lock.lock();
        try {//
        } finally {lock.unlock();
        }
    }

来自源码注释中的官方示例。

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package java.util.concurrent.locks;

public class ReentrantLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {}
Lock接口
void lock();
    void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException;
    Condition newCondition();
    boolean tryLock();
    boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;
    void unlock();           

加锁:lock、lockInterruptibly、tryLock、tryLock。
解锁:unlock
拿到Condition:Condition
有两个方法可以响应中断信号(带有 throws InterruptedException的方法)lockInterruptibly 和 tryLock。

ReentrantLock中的实现
public void lock() {sync.lock();
    }
    public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
    }
    public Condition newCondition() {return sync.newCondition();
    }
    public boolean tryLock() {return sync.nonfairTryAcquire(1);
    }
    public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }
    public void unlock() {sync.release(1);
    }

从这里可以看到,所有锁的实现都是基于AQS这个类,这里不做过多赘述。

public 方法 构造函数
public ReentrantLock() {sync = new NonfairSync();
    }
    
    public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
    }

fair – true if this lock should use a fair ordering policy ,公平锁也就是排队锁。
构造函数在这个最重要的用处就是给sync赋值。

private final Sync sync;

abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {}
getHoldCount
public int getHoldCount() {return sync.getHoldCount();
    }

the number of holds on this lock by the current thread, or zero if this lock is not held by the current thread

当前线程持有锁的次数,如果当前线程没有持有锁则返回0。

getQueueLength
public final int getQueueLength() {return sync.getQueueLength();
    }

the estimated number of threads waiting for this lock.

返回有多少线程在等待锁。

getWaitQueueLength
public int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) {if (condition == null) {throw new NullPointerException();
        }
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        }
        return sync.getWaitQueueLength((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject) condition);
    }

返回在指定Condition上等待的线程数量。

hasQueuedThread
public final boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread) {return sync.isQueued(thread);
    }

true if the given thread is queued waiting for this lock ,如果给定的线程在队列等锁则返回true。

hasQueuedThreads
public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
    }
    
    public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {return head != tail;
    }

true if there maybe other threads waiting to acquire the lock,如果可能有其他线程正在等待获取锁,返回true。

底层判断队列的头和尾是否相等,如果不相等代表有其他线程在排队。

hasWaiters
public final boolean hasWaiters(ConditionObject condition) {if (!owns(condition))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
        return condition.hasWaiters();
    }

true if there are any waiting threads,如果有任何等待线程,则为true

isFair
public final boolean isFair() {return sync instanceof FairSync;
    }

判断是否是公平锁

isHeldByCurrentThread
public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {return sync.isHeldExclusively();
    }

true if current thread holds this lock and false otherwise,如果当前线程持有该锁,则为true,否则为false

isLocked
public boolean isLocked() {return sync.isLocked();
    }

true if any thread holds this lock and false otherwise,如果任何线程持有此锁,则为true,否则为false

synchronized 对比
  1. 一个是内置关键字,一个是并发包工具类。
  2. sync不响应中断,ReentrantLock部分方法响应中断。
  3. sync会一直阻塞,ReentrantLock带有time参数的可以提前放弃。
  4. 加锁语法,ReentrantLock需要搭配异常捕获机制保证锁一定会被释放。
加锁到底是在try外还是里面?
lock.lock();
		//1
        try {//2
        } finally {lock.unlock();
        }
try {	//3
            lock.lock();
            //4
        } finally {lock.unlock();
        }

我的思考:

  • 方式1在1处如果有其他错误的代码会导致加锁后未释放,死锁。
  • 方式2在3处如果有其他错误的代码会导致不进行解锁,死锁。
  • 如果使用方式1,lock需要紧贴try代码块。
  • 如果使用方式2,try后紧跟try代码块。
  • 官方推荐方式1。

ReentrantLock 对比 sync 有以下几个特点 ,ReentrantLock 的解锁需要放到 finally 中,避免程序异常导致锁无法释放。

三个重要的内部类 Sync
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {}

Uses AQS state to represent the number of holds on the lock. 使用AQS状态来表示持有锁的次数。

FairSync
static final class FairSync extends Sync {final void lock() {acquire(1);
        }
        
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc< 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
NonfairSync
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {  
            
        final void lock() {if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                acquire(1);
        }

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
    }

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