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下文内容主要给大家带来MySQL数据库备份的安全与重要性,所讲到的知识,与书籍略有不同,都是创新互联专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中,总结出来的,具有一定的经验分享价值,希望给广大读者带来帮助。
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mysqldump -u root -p auth > /backup/auth.sql
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p [密码] [选项] --databases 库名 1 [库名2] ... > /备份路径/备份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p --databases autth mysql > /backup/databases-auth-mysql.sql
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p [密码] [选项] --all-databases > /备份路径/备份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p --opt --all-databases > /backup/all-data.sql
mysqldump -u 用户名 -p [密码] [选项] 数据库名 表命 > /备份路径/备份文件名
mysqldump -u root -p mysql user > /backup/mysql-user.sql
MySQL[(none)]>source /backup/all-data.sql
mysql -u 用户名 -p [密码] < 库备份脚本的路径
mysql -u root -p < /backup/all-data.sql
mysq| -u 用户名 -p [密码] < 表备份脚本的路径
mysql -u root -P mysq| < /backup/mysql-user.sql
一般恢复
基于时间点的恢复
mysqlbinlog [--no-defaults] 增量备份文件 | mysql -u 用户名 -p
mysqlbinlog --stop-position='操作 id' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码
mysqlbinlog --start-position='操作 id' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --stop-datetime='年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名-p 密码
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --start-datetime='年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码
mysqlbinlog [-no-defaults] --start-datetime='年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒' --stop-datetime='年-月-日 小时:分钟:秒' 二进制日志 | mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码
[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p //进入数据库
Enter password:
mysql> create database school; //创建数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Database changed
mysql> create table info( //创建表
-> id int(3) not null primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(10) not null,
-> score decimal(4,1) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> desc info; //查看表结构
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(3) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| score | decimal(4,1) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('stu01',88),('stu02',77); //插入表数据
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from info; //查看表内容
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | stu02 | 77.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info limit 1; //只显示表中的前1行
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ //切换到数据库的数据目录下
[root@master2 data]# ls
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql school test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema sys
[root@master2 data]# cd school/
[root@master2 school]# ls //数据中的文件
db.opt info.frm info.ibd
[root@master2 school]# cd ..
[root@master2 data]# tar Jcvf /opt/mysql-$(date +%F).tar.xz /usr/local/mysql/data/ //用xz格式压缩
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school > /opt/school.sql //逻辑备份单个数据库
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim school.sql //查看备份数据库脚本
...
CREATE TABLE `info` (
`id` int(3) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`score` decimal(4,1) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
...
LOCK TABLES `info` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `info` VALUES (1,'stu01',88.0),(2,'stu02',77.0);
...
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases school mysql > /opt/db_school_mysql.sql //备份多个数据库
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --opt --all-databases > /opt/all.sql //完全备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school info > /opt/school_info.sql //对数据库中的表进行备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh school.sql
db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p -d school info > /opt/school_info_desc.sql //对表结构进行备份
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
all.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql
db_school_mysql.sql rh school.sql
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz school_info_desc.sql
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p //进入数据库
Enter password:
mysql> show databases; //查看数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table info; //删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; //查看表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /opt/school.sql //恢复数据库脚本文件
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table info; //删除表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables; //查看表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit //退出
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 school < /opt/school.sql //利用mysql命令进行恢复
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf //开启二进制日志文件
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin //开启二进制日志文件
server-id = 1
[root@master2 opt]# systemctl restart mysqld.service //重启mysql服务
[root@master2 opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ //切换到mysql站点
[root@master2 data]# ls //查看二进制日志文件
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys
[root@master2 data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123123 school > /opt/school.sql //一次完全备份
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# ls
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs //刷新二进制日志文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# ls //生成新的二进制日志文件,接下来的操作会保存在mysql-bin.000002中
auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql mysql-bin.index sys
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 performance_schema test
ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000002 school
[root@master2 data]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by01',66); //正确操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='st01'; //错误操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by02',99); //正确操作
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs //刷新二进制日志文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v mysql-bin.000002 > /opt/bak.txt //用64位解码器查看二进制日志文件,并生成一个文件
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
bak.txt mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim bak.txt //查看二进制日志文件
# at 1084
#191127 20:14:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 1132 CRC32 0xdcc90eb5 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` //第一次正确操作的时间和位置
### SET
### @1=3
### @2='by01'
### @3=66.0
...
# at 1302 //停止位置点
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1357 CRC32 0x6648509a Table_map: `school`.`info` mapped to number 221
# at 1357
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1405 CRC32 0x1eeb752b Delete_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM `school`.`info` //第二次执行错误操作的时间和位置191127 20:14:46
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='st01'
### @3=88.0
# at 1405 //开始位置点
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1436 CRC32 0xf1c8d903 Xid = 54
...
# at 1630
#191127 20:15:16 server id 1 end_log_pos 1678 CRC32 0x08d9b0f4 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` //第二次正确操作的时间和位置191127 20:15:16
### SET
### @1=4
### @2='by02'
### @3=99.0
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //进入库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> drop table info; //删除数据库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看表
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'school.info' doesn't exist
mysql> source /opt/school.sql //恢复完全备份数据库脚本
...
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime='2019-11-27 20:14:46' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //恢复bin.000002中前一个正确的执行语句(从第二个错误语句时间点停止)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据,恢复了第一次正确操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='2019-11-27 20:15:16' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //跳过错误节点,恢复最后一个正确的操作(从最后一个正确的操作时间点开始)
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据,恢复了第二次正确操作,跳过了错误的操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='by01'; //为实验方便直接删除
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='by02'; //删除
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info; //完全备份的初始状态
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-position='1302' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //跳过错误操作的位置点从上一个位置点开始
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; //使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据,恢复了第一次正确的操作
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='1405' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //从错误的位置后一个位置点开始,跳过错误操作的位置点
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 //进入数据库
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; //查看表数据,跳过错误操作,恢复第二次正确操作数据
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 //全部增量恢复
对于以上关于MySQL数据库备份的安全与重要性,如果大家还有更多需要了解的可以持续关注我们创新互联的行业推新,如需获取专业解答,可在官网联系售前售后的,希望该文章可给大家带来一定的知识更新。