MySQL-5.5的二进制包是如何安装的

本文主要给大家简单讲讲MySQL-5.5的二进制包是如何安装的，相关专业术语大家可以上网查查或者找一些相关书籍补充一下，这里就不涉猎了，我们就直奔主题吧，希望MySQL-5.5的二进制包是如何安装的这篇文章可以给大家带来一些实际帮助。

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环境：

[root@SQL-M ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 

CentOS release 6.8 (Final)

[root@SQL-M ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64

开始安装配置：

[root@SQL-M ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[root@SQL-M src]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@SQL-M src]# ll -h

total 178M

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178M Apr 22 16:27 mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@SQL-M src]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/   # 解压

[root@SQL-M src]# cd ..

[root@SQL-M local]# mv mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64/   mysql-5.5.55     # 改名

[root@SQL-M local]# ln -s mysql-5.5.55  mysql          # 做软连接

[root@SQL-M local]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M          # 建立系统用户

[root@SQL-M local]# mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql             # 初始化数据库

[root@SQL-M local]# chown -R mysql:mysql  mysql-5.5.55       # 对目录授权

[root@SQL-M local]# vi /etc/my.cnf                      # 创建配置文件，测试用的

[client]
port=3306
socket= /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user    = mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
character-set-server = utf8
skip-character-set-client-handshake
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
open_files_limit=1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[root@SQL-M local]# cp mysql/bin/* sbin/    # 复制执行命令到 sbin 下

[root@SQL-M local]# cp mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  # 生成启动脚本

[root@SQL-M local]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start      # 直接启动服务

Starting MySQL...... SUCCESS! 

[root@SQL-M ~]# netstat -lntup                    # 查看服务

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      7853/mysqld 

[root@SQL-M ~]# lsof -i:3306

COMMAND  PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld  7853 mysql   12u  IPv4  24118      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

[root@SQL-M local]# mysqladmin -u root password      # 给 root 密码，默认免密登录

Enter password: 

[root@SQL-M local]# mysql -uroot -p             # 交互式密码登录

Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 3

Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.13 sec)

mysql> drop database test;             # 删掉测试库

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+-----------+

| user   | host      |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | ::1            |

|         | localhost |

| root | localhost |

|         | sql-m      |

| root | sql-m      |

+------+-----------+

6 rows in set (0.11 sec)

mysql> drop user root@'::1';              # 把没用的用户删除

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> drop user ''@localhost;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ''@'sql-m';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user root@'sql-m';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+-----------+

| user | host      |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | localhost |

+------+-----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit

[root@SQL-M local]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123 password    # 改密码

New password: 

Confirm new password:

测试忘记root密码重新找回：

[root@SQL-M ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop       # 先停掉服务

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

[root@SQL-M ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &    # 忽略授权表方式启动服务

[1] 3685

170422 17:37:34 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.

170422 17:37:34 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

[root@SQL-M ~]# 170422 17:37:39 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

奇怪居然失败了！看一下日志先。。。

[root@SQL-M ~]# tail /var/log/mysqld.log 

170422 17:39:41  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start

170422 17:39:42 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 1595668

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Recovering after a crash using /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Starting crash recovery...

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Crash recovery finished.

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306

170422 17:39:42 [Note]   - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.

170422 17:39:42 [ERROR] /usr/local/sbin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid' (Errcode: 2)

170422 17:39:42 [ERROR] Can't start server: can't create PID file: No such file or directory

可以看到，无法创建 pid 文件，这肯定是没权限造成的。

/var/run/mysqld 这个路径是配置文件里配的：

[root@SQL-M ~]# tail -3 /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

   这里有点奇怪，用 /etc/init.d/mysqld 启动服务时它不会读取配置文件里配置的 pid 路径，而用 mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & 忽略授权表方式启动服务却会读取配置文件里的 pid 路径。

不想动 /var/log/ 这个目录的权限，改配置文件

[root@SQL-M ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid

[root@SQL-M ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &   # 再次执行

[1] 7109

170422 17:54:17 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.

170422 17:54:17 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

[root@SQL-M ~]#                            # 这次可以了

[root@SQL-M ~]# mysql                 # 免密登录

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

mysql> update mysql.user set password=password('123') where user='root' and host='localhost';                               # 修改密码

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;                   # 刷新后退出用新密码登录

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

以上二进制包简单安装完成。

MySQL-5.5的二进制包是如何安装的就先给大家讲到这里，对于其它相关问题大家想要了解的可以持续关注我们的行业资讯。我们的板块内容每天都会捕捉一些行业新闻及专业知识分享给大家的。