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Android及IOS基于TestNG的代码结构示例,
常用的元素定位方式的介绍
部分项目中使用的功能代码示例
Appium日志的具体分析
部分需要理解的概念
Android示例代码(TestNG):
public class AndroidTest { protected AndroidDriverdriver; URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"); @BeforeSuite public void setUp() throws Exception { DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "AndroidPhone"); capabilities.setCapability(AndroidMobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE, "com.example.dev"); capabilities.setCapability(AndroidMobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY, ".MainActivity"); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.NO_RESET, true); ...... driver = new AndroidDriver<>(url, capabilities); } @AfterSuite public void tearDown() throws Exception { if (driver != null) { driver.quit(); } } @Test public void test_001(){}//Test Case One @Test public void test_002(){}//Test Case Two }
IOS示例代码(TestNG):
public abstract class IOSTest { protected IOSDriverdriver; URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"); @BeforeSuite public void setUp() throws Exception { DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, "iOS"); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "10.3"); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "My iPhone 6"); capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID, "c4ef2cbc8a1b39123838a8ad9fdea45547e44c20"); capabilities.setCapability(IOSMobileCapabilityType.BUNDLE_ID, "com.example.dev"); ...... driver = new IOSDriver<>(url, capabilities); } }
常用的元素定位方式:
Android:
By.id | View的id,最好用 | com.hello.uat:id/et_reg_mobile android:id/button1 button1 |
By.classname | View的类型名 | android.widget.TextView android.widget.Button |
By.xpath | 根据element的属性及DOM层级查找,比较不稳定 | By.xpath(".//*[@text='Title']")根据text属性查找, 一般对于索引不确定的元素采用 |
MobileBy. AndroidUIAutomator | Android自带UIAutomator框架的定位方式 |
IOS:
MobileBy. AccessibilityId | 组件的AccessibilityId,最好用 | 一般同组件的name属性,使用Inspector获得 |
By.classname | 组件的类型名 | XCUIElementTypeStaticText XCUIElementTypeButton |
By.xpath | 根据element的属性及DOM层级查找,比较不稳定。 | By.xpath(".//*[@name='Title']")根据name属性查找,一般都可以用AccessibilityId替代,因为name和AccessibilityId一般是一样的 更精准可以带上classname: //XCUIElementTypeStaticText[@name="Hello"] 一般对于索引不确定又没有AccessibilityId的元素采用 |
MobileBy. IosUIAutomation | IOS自带框架UIAutomation的定位方式 |
AccessibilityId
appium移除了在Selenium上常用的name和tagname定位方式
IOS上表示Accessibility Identifier,通常和Name、Label属性相同
Android上表示content description
交互操作
MobileElement:交互的对象,对应于Android中的一个View对象
点击:element.click();
输入:element.sendKeys("text");
滑动:driver.swipe()
点击:driver.tap();
等待方式:
//隐式等待
//全局设定查找元素时的等待时间,找不到会尝试10秒内间隔查找,找到了继续
//这里设定的值对driver的整个生命周期起作用,从现在开始到下次修改,每次查找都是10秒。
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//显式等待
//仅仅这次,指明最多等待5秒,指明结束条件为找到元素id=bt_next。超时抛出TimeoutException。
WebElement e = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("bt_next")));
//强行等待
//线程直接暂停,适合于单纯的等待。不查找元素
Thread.sleep(3000)
DesiredCapabilities
这是一个key-value的集合,用于告诉服务器建立连接的设备信息,不同平台有所不同。appium支持许多的属性设置,可以到官网做个全面的了解。
MobileCapabilityType:不同平台共用
AndroidMobileCapabilityType:Android专用
IOSMobileCapabilityType:IOS专用
Android一般至少需要:
1、platformName
2、platformVersion
3、deviceName
4、appPackage
5、appActivity
IOS一般至少需要:
1、platformName
2、platformVersion
3、deviceName
4、udid
5、bundleId
部分代码示例
//对于弹出的权限对话框,如果找到Allow按钮则一直点击Allow。 protected void grantPermissionIfPrompt() { int count = 0;//at most five times grant MobileElement allowBtn = findElement(By.id(ConstConfig.ALLOW_BUTTON)); while (allowBtn != null && count++ < 5) {//at most 5 time to try allowBtn.click(); allowBtn = findElement(By.id(ConstConfig.ALLOW_BUTTON)); } }
//向上滑动列表,直到找到目标元素 static public MobileElement scrollDownUnitFound(AndroidDriverdriver, String content) throws Exception { int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); int count = 0; String xpathStr = createXpathDesc(content); do { if (driver.findElementsByXPath(xpathStr).size() > 0) { //in case of the element is still hiding, or the element is showing only a little part of it. driver.swipe(width / 2, height / 2, width / 2, height / 3, 600); Thread.sleep(1000);//sleep 1 second to avoid getting the element in the wrong position. return driver.findElementsByXPath(xpathStr).get(0); } driver.swipe(width / 2, height / 2, width / 2, height / 4, 600); count++; } while (count < 20); return null; }
//生成xpath字符串 static public String createXpathDesc(String content) { return ".//*[@text='" + content + "']"; }
//滑动找到元素,并点击其左侧的CheckBox。CheckBox没有id,也不适合用classname,因为不知道是第几个,只能借助相邻元素坐标偏移。 MobileElement el = AndroidHelper.scrollDownUnitFound(driver, voteTarget); if (el != null) {//find the checkbox to the left of the founded target. int targetX = el.getLocation().getX() - 20; int targetY = el.getLocation().getY() + 1;//event +0 is working System.out.println("coordinates:x = " + targetX + " y = " + targetY); driver.tap(1, targetX, targetY, 300); }
日志分析(Appium on AWS Device Farm):
Appium是Client/Server结构的,所以每一次操作都是以Client向Server发送http请求开始,以Server向Client发送http响应结束。查阅日志可以按这个规律过滤不必要的信息。
Android日志分析:
driver.findElement(By.id("compose_button")).click();
(Adnroid)findElement操作日志:
2017-09-19 04:06:27:278 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element {"using":"id","value":"compose_button"} 2017-09-19 04:06:27:278 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.findElement() with args: ["id","compose_button","acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f"] 2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, class name, accessibility id, -android uiautomator 2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, class name, accessibility id, -android uiautomator 2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Waiting up to 3000 ms for condition 2017-09-19 04:06:27:280 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Sending command to android: {"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"compose_button","context":"","multiple":false}} 2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"compose_button","context":"","multiple":false}} 2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command of type ACTION 2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command action: find 2017-09-19 04:06:27:311 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Finding 'compose_button' using 'ID' with the contextId: '' multiple: false 2017-09-19 04:06:27:311 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Using: UiSelector[INSTANCE=0, RESOURCE_ID=com.example.hello:id/compose_button] 2017-09-19 04:06:27:329 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Returning result: {"status":0,"value":{"ELEMENT":"9"}} 2017-09-19 04:06:27:330 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Received command result from bootstrap 2017-09-19 04:06:27:330 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.findElement() result: {"ELEMENT":"9"} 2017-09-19 04:06:27:344 - [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element 200 53 ms - 87
(Android)click操作日志:
2017-09-19 04:06:27:348 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element/9/click {"id":"9"} 2017-09-19 04:06:27:348 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.click() with args: ["9","acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f"] 2017-09-19 04:06:27:359 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Sending command to android: {"cmd":"action","action":"element:click","params":{"elementId":"9"}} 2017-09-19 04:06:27:375 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"element:click","params":{"elementId":"9"}} 2017-09-19 04:06:27:391 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command of type ACTION 2017-09-19 04:06:27:391 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command action: click 2017-09-19 04:06:27:876 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Received command result from bootstrap 2017-09-19 04:06:27:876 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.click() result: true 2017-09-19 04:06:27:880 - [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element/9/click 200 529 ms - 76
IOS日志分析:
driver.findByAccessibilityId("Compose").click();
(IOS)findElement操作日志:
2017-09-19 07:19:36:259 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element {"using":"accessibility id","value":"Compose"} 2017-09-19 07:19:36:259 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.findElement() with args: ["accessibility id","Compose","bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93"] 2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [XCUITest] Executing command 'findElement' 2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, name, class name, -ios predicate string, -ios class chain, accessibility id 2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Waiting up to 3000 ms for condition 2017-09-19 07:19:36:261 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Proxying [POST /element] to [POST http://127.0.0.1:8100/session/3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B/element] with body: {"using":"accessibility id","value":"Compose"} 2017-09-19 07:19:37:826 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Got response with status 200: {"value":{"ELEMENT":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","type":"XCUIElementTypeButton","label":"Compose"},"sessionId":"3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B","status":0} 2017-09-19 07:19:37:829 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.findElement() result: {"ELEMENT":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","type":"XCUIElementTypeButton","label":"Compose"} 2017-09-19 07:19:37:843 - [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element 200 1570 ms - 171
(IOS)click操作日志:
2017-09-19 07:19:37:869 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click {"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A"} 2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [MJSONWP] Driver proxy active, passing request on via HTTP proxy 2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [debug] [XCUITest] Executing command 'proxyReqRes' 2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Proxying [POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click] to [POST http://127.0.0.1:8100/session/3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click] with body: {"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A"} 2017-09-19 07:19:39:829 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Got response with status 200: {"status":0,"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","value":"","sessionId":"3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B"} 2017-09-19 07:19:39:829 - [JSONWP Proxy] Replacing sessionId 3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B with bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93 2017-09-19 07:19:39:834 - [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click 200 1960 ms - 118