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这篇文章主要介绍了MySQL如何实现用户创建、修改、删除及授权操作,具有一定借鉴价值,感兴趣的朋友可以参考下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获,下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
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1、mysql命令进行连接如果不带-h,表示user@localhost连接本地localhost数据库服务器,-h后面的ip是数据库服务器的IP
2、要让所有ip都能连,create user时用户名后面加@'%',或不加@(不加@默认就是@'%')
3、mysql执行grant进行授权,权限是追加的,不用担心会覆盖之前的
4、grant可以同时创建用户、授权、修改密码
5、创建用户建议使用create,因为create只能创建用户,不能授权,mysql没有类似oracle这样的connect create session权限,mysql只要create了用户就自动拥有了connect create session权限
6、修改密码建议使用alter user比较好,因为alter不会涉及到权限,grant虽然可以修改密码,但是grant命令要带权限选项。
7、如果用户名相同,host对应的网段有相同,哪个用户先生成,就以哪个用户为准
即以下两条,谁先执行,谁先生效,就是说mysql -u test1 -p后面使用谁的密码才能登陆
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0' identified by "12345678";
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "1234567";
8、grant执行的授权,不需要flush privileges就可以生效;update mysql.user表执行的授权,必须要flush privileges才能生效
创建用户
mysql> help create user;
mysql> help grant;
mysql> create user 'user1'@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by '123456';
mysql> grant select,update on db1.* to 'user2'@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by '123456';--创建用户的同时进行了授权
修改密码
mysql> help alter user;
mysql> help grant;
mysql> help set password;
mysql> alter user 'user1'@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by '666666';
mysql> grant select on mysql.user to 'user1'@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by '777777';--修改密码的同时进行了授权
mysql> set password for 'user1'@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0'=password('888888');
SET PASSWORD is deprecated as of MySQL 5.7.6 and will be removed in a future MySQL release. ALTER USER is now the preferred statement for assigning passwords.
从MySQL 5.7.6开始,不推荐使用SET PASSWORD,这个用法在未来的MySQL版本中会被抛弃。 ALTER USER现在是首选修改密码的声明。
授权
mysql> help grant;
mysql> grant select,insert,update on *.* to 'user1'@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0';--只授权,没有涉及修改密码
删除用户
mysql> help drop user;
mysql> drop user 'user1'@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0';
密码相关的参数
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%password%';
mysql> CREATE USER 'mytest'@'192.168.20.0/255.255.255.0' identified by '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> show variables like '%validate_password_policy%';
+--------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
+--------------------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> show variables like '%validate_password_length%';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_length | 8 |
+--------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
如下实验,DB服务器ip是192.168.10.101,在服务器本地使用mysql登录不加-h表示使用user@localhost登录,-h后面的必须是DB服务器ip
允许所有ip登录,则create user时后面的用户名不加@或create user时后面的用户名加@'%'
[root@mydb ~]# ifconfig |grep 'inet addr'
inet addr:192.168.10.101 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
mysql> CREATE USER 'mytest01'@'192.168.20.0/255.255.255.0' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER 'mytest02'@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER 'mytest03'@'*' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest01 -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'mytest01'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
--无法登录,因为没有加-h表示使用user@localhost
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest02 -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'mytest02'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
--无法登录,因为没有加-h表示使用user@localhost
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest03 -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'mytest03'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
--无法登录,因为没有加-h表示使用user@localhost
--'mytest03'@'*',用户名后面加@'*'不是表示所有ip可以登录,应该加@'%'
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest01 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'mytest01'@'192.168.10.101' (using password: YES)
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest02 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
mysql> exit
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest03 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'mytest03'@'192.168.10.101' (using password: YES)
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest02 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.102
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.10.102' (113)
--无法登录,-h后面必须是DB服务器ip
mysql> CREATE USER 'mytest04' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest04 -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
mysql> exit
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest04 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
mysql>
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest04 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.102
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.10.102' (113)
mysql> create user mytest06@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest06 -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
mysql>
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest06 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
mysql>
[root@mydb ~]# mysql -u mytest06 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.102
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.10.102' (113)
如下实验,用户存在的情况下,grant后面可以不加密码,用户不存在的情况下,grant后面必须加密码
多次执行grant,权限都是追加的。
mytest02@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0'已经存在的情况下
mysql> grant select on test1.* to mytest02@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mytest03@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0'还不存在的情况下
1、第一步报错了,因为没有这个用户
2、第二步,创建了用户密码并授了test1数据库的select权限,见表mysql.user和mysql.db
3、第三步,用户存在的情况下,追加了全局权限并修改了密码,见mysql.user
4、第四步,用户存在的情况下,追加了全局权限并修改了密码,见mysql.user
5、第五步,用户存在的情况下,追加了test1数据库的select权限并修改了密码,见mysql.db
mysql> grant select on test1.* to mytest03@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> grant select on test1.* to mytest03@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "123_Tn_123";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant select,update on *.* to mytest03@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "123_Tn123";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
mysql> grant select,insert on *.* to mytest03@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "123_Tr99";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
mysql> grant select,update on test1.* to mytest03@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "123_TR00";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
如下实验:如果用户名相同,host对应的网段有相同,哪个用户先生成,就以哪个用户为准
数据库服务器的IP是192.168.10.101
客户端的IP是192.168.10.1
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123 identified by "123456";
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "1234567";
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0' identified by "12345678";
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.1' identified by "123456789";
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.101' identified by "12345678910";
mysql> select host,user,password_last_changed from mysql.user where user='test123' order by 3;
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| host | user | password_last_changed |
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| % | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:21:23 |
| 192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:24:08 |
| 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:24:30 |
| 192.168.10.1 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:31:00 |
| 192.168.10.101 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:31:16 |
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
不管在192.168.10.1还是192.168.10.101上执行mysql命令连接,居然发现只有下面的可以连接,即test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0'有效
mysql -u test123 -p1234567 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql> drop user test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0';
mysql> select host,user,password_last_changed from mysql.user where user='test123' order by 3;
+-------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| host | user | password_last_changed |
+-------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| % | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:21:23 |
| 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:24:30 |
| 192.168.10.1 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:31:00 |
| 192.168.10.101 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:31:16 |
+-------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
再次测试发现不管在192.168.10.1还是192.168.10.101上执行mysql命令连接,只有下面的可以连接,即test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0'有效
mysql -u test123 -p12345678 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql> drop user test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0';
mysql> select host,user,password_last_changed from mysql.user where user='test123' order by 3;
+----------------+---------+-----------------------+
| host | user | password_last_changed |
+----------------+---------+-----------------------+
| % | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:21:23 |
| 192.168.10.1 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:31:00 |
| 192.168.10.101 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:31:16 |
+----------------+---------+-----------------------+
再次测试
发现在192.168.10.1执行mysql命令连接,只有下面的可以连接,即test123@'192.168.10.1'有效
mysql -u test123 -p123456789 -h 192.168.10.101
发现在192.168.10.101执行mysql命令连接,只有下面的可以连接,即test123@'192.168.10.101'有效
mysql -u test123 -p12345678910 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql> drop user test123@'192.168.10.1';
mysql> drop user test123@'192.168.10.101';
mysql> select host,user,password_last_changed from mysql.user where user='test123' order by 3;
+------+---------+-----------------------+
| host | user | password_last_changed |
+------+---------+-----------------------+
| % | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:21:23 |
+------+---------+-----------------------+
再次测试发现不管在192.168.10.1还是192.168.10.101上执行mysql命令连接,下面的可以连接,即test123有效了
mysql -u test123 -p123456 -h 192.168.10.101
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0' identified by "12345678";
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "1234567";
mysql> select host,user,password_last_changed from mysql.user where user='test123' order by 3;
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| host | user | password_last_changed |
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| % | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:21:23 |
| 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:45:45 |
| 192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:45:58 |
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
再次测试发现不管在192.168.10.1还是192.168.10.101上执行mysql命令连接,下面的可以连接,即test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0'生效了
mysql -u test123 -p12345678 -h 192.168.10.101
得出结论,以下两条,谁先执行,谁先生效
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0' identified by "12345678";
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "1234567";
mysql> drop user test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0';
mysql> drop user test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0';
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.1' identified by "123456789";
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.101' identified by "12345678910";
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "1234567";
mysql> grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0' identified by "12345678";
mysql> select host,user,password_last_changed from mysql.user where user='test123' order by 3;
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| host | user | password_last_changed |
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| % | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:21:23 |
| 192.168.10.1 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:48:59 |
| 192.168.10.101 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:49:05 |
| 192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:49:21 |
| 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0 | test123 | 2018-09-26 19:49:28 |
+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
再次测试
发现在192.168.10.1执行mysql命令连接,只有下面的可以连接,即test123@'192.168.10.1'有效
mysql -u test123 -p123456789 -h 192.168.10.101
发现在192.168.10.101执行mysql命令连接,只有下面的可以连接,即test123@'192.168.10.101'有效
mysql -u test123 -p12345678910 -h 192.168.10.101
得出结论,以下三条,谁先执行,192.168.10.1上以谁先生效
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.1' identified by "123456789";
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0' identified by "12345678";
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "1234567";
得出结论,以下三条,谁先执行,192.168.10.101上以谁先生效
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.101' identified by "12345678910";
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0' identified by "12345678";
grant select on test1.* to test123@'192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0' identified by "1234567";
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