kubeadm安装kubernetes1.13.2多master高可用集群

1. 简介

Kubernetes v1.13版本发布后，kubeadm才正式进入GA，可以生产使用,用kubeadm部署kubernetes集群也是以后的发展趋势。目前Kubernetes的对应镜像仓库，在国内阿里云也有了镜像站点，使用kubeadm部署Kubernetes集群变得简单并且容易了很多，本文使用kubeadm带领大家快速部署Kubernetes v1.13.2版本。

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注意：请不要把目光仅仅放在部署上，如果你是新手，推荐先熟悉用二进制文件部署后，再来学习用kubeadm部署。二进制文件部署请查看我博客的其他文章。

2. 架构信息

系统版本：CentOS 7.6
内核：3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Kubernetes: v1.13.2
Docker-ce: 18.06
推荐硬件配置：2核2G

Keepalived保证apiserever服务器的IP高可用
Haproxy实现apiserver的负载均衡

为了减少服务器数量，haproxy、keepalived配置在node-01和node-02。

节点名称	角色	IP	安装软件
负载VIP	VIP	10.31.90.200
node-01	master	10.31.90.201	kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、docker、haproxy、keepalived
node-02	master	10.31.90.202	kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、docker、haproxy、keepalived
node-03	master	10.31.90.203	kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、docker
node-04	node	10.31.90.204	kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、docker
node-05	node	10.31.90.205	kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、docker
node-06	node	10.31.90.206	kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、docker
service网段		10.245.0.0/16

2.部署前准备工作

1) 关闭selinux和防火墙

sed -ri 's#(SELINUX=).*#\1disabled#' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld

2) 关闭swap

swapoff -a

3) 为每台服务器添加host解析记录

cat >>/etc/hosts<


4) 创建并分发密钥
在node-01创建ssh密钥。
[root@node-01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:26z6DcUarn7wP70dqOZA28td+K/erv7NlaJPLVE1BTA root@node-01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|            E..o+|
|             .  o|
|               . |
|         .    .  |
|        S o  .   |
|      .o X   oo .|
|       oB +.o+oo.|
|       .o*o+++o+o|
|     .++o+Bo+=B*B|
+----[SHA256]-----+
分发node-01的公钥，用于免密登录其他服务器
for n in `seq -w 01 06`;do ssh-copy-id node-$n;done
5) 配置内核参数
cat <  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness=0
EOF

sysctl --system
6) 加载ipvs模块
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <

7) 添加yum源
cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
2. 部署keepalived和haproxy
1) 安装keepalived和haproxy
在node-01和node-02安装keepalived和haproxy
yum install -y keepalived haproxy
2) 修改配置
keepalived配置
node-01的priority为100，node-02的priority为90，其他配置一样。
[root@node-01 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
        feng110498@163.com
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_1
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER          
    interface eth0
    lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
    virtual_router_id 88
    advert_int 1
    priority 100         
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
      10.31.90.200/24
    }
}
haproxy配置
node-01和node-02的haproxy配置是一样的。此处我们监听的是10.31.90.200的8443端口，因为haproxy是和k8s apiserver是部署在同一台服务器上，都用6443会冲突。
global
        chroot  /var/lib/haproxy
        daemon
        group haproxy
        user haproxy
        log 127.0.0.1:514 local0 warning
        pidfile /var/lib/haproxy.pid
        maxconn 20000
        spread-checks 3
        nbproc 8

defaults
        log     global
        mode    tcp
        retries 3
        option redispatch

listen https-apiserver
        bind 10.31.90.200:8443
        mode tcp
        balance roundrobin
        timeout server 900s
        timeout connect 15s

        server apiserver01 10.31.90.201:6443 check port 6443 inter 5000 fall 5
        server apiserver02 10.31.90.202:6443 check port 6443 inter 5000 fall 5
        server apiserver03 10.31.90.203:6443 check port 6443 inter 5000 fall 5
3) 启动服务
systemctl enable keepalived && systemctl start keepalived 
systemctl enable haproxy && systemctl start haproxy 
3. 部署kubernetes
1) 安装软件
由于kubeadm对Docker的版本是有要求的，需要安装与kubeadm匹配的版本。
由于版本更新频繁，请指定对应的版本号，本文采用1.13.2版本，其它版本未经测试。
yum install -y kubelet-1.13.2 kubeadm-1.13.2 kubectl-1.13.2 ipvsadm ipset docker-ce-18.06.1.ce

#启动docker
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

#设置kubelet开机自启动
systemctl enable kubelet 
2) 修改初始化配置
使用kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-init.yaml 打印出默认配置，然后在根据自己的环境修改配置.
[root@node-01 ~]# cat kubeadm-init.yaml 
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 10.31.90.201
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: node-01
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterConfiguration
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "10.31.90.200:8443"
DNS:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kubernetesVersion: v1.13.2
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: ""
  serviceSubnet: "10.245.0.0/16"
scheduler: {}
controllerManager: {}
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: "ipvs"
3) 预下载镜像
[root@node-01 ~]# kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-init.yaml 
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.13.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.13.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.2
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.2.24
[config/images] Pulled registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.2.6
4) 初始化
[root@node-01 ~]# kubeadm init --config kubeadm-init.yaml    
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.13.2
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [node-01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.12.0.1 10.31.90.201 10.31.90.200]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [node-01 localhost] and IPs [10.31.90.201 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [node-01 localhost] and IPs [10.31.90.201 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 22.503955 seconds
[uploadconfig] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.13" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "node-01" as an annotation
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node node-01 as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node node-01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstraptoken] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:

  kubeadm join 10.31.90.200:8443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:84201a329ec4388263e97303c6e4de50c2de2aa157a3b961cb8a6f325fadedb1
kubeadm init主要执行了以下操作：
[init]：指定版本进行初始化操作
[preflight] ：初始化前的检查和下载所需要的Docker镜像文件
[kubelet-start] ：生成kubelet的配置文件”/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml”，没有这个文件kubelet无法启动，所以初始化之前的kubelet实际上启动失败。
[certificates]：生成Kubernetes使用的证书，存放在/etc/kubernetes/pki目录中。
[kubeconfig] ：生成 KubeConfig 文件，存放在/etc/kubernetes目录中，组件之间通信需要使用对应文件。
[control-plane]：使用/etc/kubernetes/manifest目录下的YAML文件，安装 Master 组件。
[etcd]：使用/etc/kubernetes/manifest/etcd.yaml安装Etcd服务。
[wait-control-plane]：等待control-plan部署的Master组件启动。
[apiclient]：检查Master组件服务状态。
[uploadconfig]：更新配置
[kubelet]：使用configMap配置kubelet。
[patchnode]：更新CNI信息到Node上，通过注释的方式记录。
[mark-control-plane]：为当前节点打标签，打了角色Master，和不可调度标签，这样默认就不会使用Master节点来运行Pod。
[bootstrap-token]：生成token记录下来，后边使用kubeadm join往集群中添加节点时会用到
[addons]：安装附加组件CoreDNS和kube-proxy
5) 为kubectl准备Kubeconfig文件
kubectl默认会在执行的用户家目录下面的.kube目录下寻找config文件。这里是将在初始化时[kubeconfig]步骤生成的admin.conf拷贝到.kube/config。
[root@node-01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@node-01 ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@node-01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g)$HOME/.kube/config
在该配置文件中，记录了API Server的访问地址，所以后面直接执行kubectl命令就可以正常连接到API Server中。
6) 查看组件状态
[root@node-01 ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE              ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                   
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health": "true"}  
[root@node-01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME      STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
node-01   NotReady    master   14m   v1.13.2
目前只有一个节点，角色是Master，状态是NotReady。
7) 其他master部署
在node-01将证书文件拷贝至其他master节点
USER=root
CONTROL_PLANE_IPS="node-02 node-03"
for host in ${CONTROL_PLANE_IPS}; do
    ssh "${USER}"@$host "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd"
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.* "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.* "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.* "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/
    scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
    scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/
done
在其他master执行,注意--experimental-control-plane参数
kubeadm join 10.31.90.200:8443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:84201a329ec4388263e97303c6e4de50c2de2aa157a3b961cb8a6f325fadedb1 --experimental-control-plane
注意：token有效期是有限的，如果旧的token过期，可以使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command重新创建一条token。
8) node部署
在node-04、node-05、node-06执行,注意没有--experimental-control-plane参数
kubeadm join 10.31.90.200:8443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:84201a329ec4388263e97303c6e4de50c2de2aa157a3b961cb8a6f325fadedb1
9) 部署网络插件flannel
Master节点NotReady的原因就是因为没有使用任何的网络插件，此时Node和Master的连接还不正常。目前最流行的Kubernetes网络插件有Flannel、Calico、Canal、Weave这里选择使用flannel。
[root@node-01 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
10) 查看节点状态
所有的节点已经处于Ready状态。
[root@node-01 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME      STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
node-01   Ready    master   35m   v1.13.2
node-02   Ready    master   36m   v1.13.2
node-03   Ready    master   36m   v1.13.2
node-04   Ready       40m   v1.13.2
node-05   Ready       40m   v1.13.2
node-06   Ready       40m   v1.13.2
查看pod
[root@node-01 ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-89cc84847-j8mmg                     1/1     Running   0          1d
coredns-89cc84847-rbjxs                     1/1     Running   0          1d
etcd-node-01                                1/1     Running   1          1d
etcd-node-02                                1/1     Running   0          1d
etcd-node-03                                1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-apiserver-node-01                      1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-apiserver-node-02                      1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-apiserver-node-03                      1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-controller-manager-node-01             1/1     Running   2          1d
kube-controller-manager-node-02             1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-controller-manager-node-03             1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-proxy-jfbmv                            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-proxy-lvkms                            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-proxy-qx7kh                            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-proxy-xst5v                            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-proxy-zfwrk                            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-proxy-ztg6j                            1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-scheduler-node-01                      1/1     Running   1          1d
kube-scheduler-node-02                      1/1     Running   1          1d
kube-scheduler-node-03                      1/1     Running   1          1d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-87wzj                 1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-lczwm                 1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-lwc2j                 1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-mwlfq                 1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-nj2mk                 1/1     Running   0          1d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-wx7vd                 1/1     Running   0          1d
查看ipvs的状态
[root@node-01 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn  
TCP  10.245.0.1:443 rr
  -> 10.31.90.201:6443            Masq    1      2          0         
  -> 10.31.90.202:6443            Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.31.90.203:6443            Masq    1      2          0         
TCP  10.245.0.10:53 rr
  -> 10.32.0.3:53                 Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.32.0.4:53                 Masq    1      0          0                
TCP  10.245.90.161:80 rr
  -> 10.45.0.1:80                 Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.245.90.161:443 rr
  -> 10.45.0.1:443                Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.245.149.227:1 rr
  -> 10.31.90.204:1               Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.31.90.205:1               Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.31.90.206:1               Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.245.181.126:80 rr
  -> 10.34.0.2:80                 Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.45.0.0:80                 Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.46.0.0:80                 Masq    1      0          0             
UDP  10.245.0.10:53 rr
  -> 10.32.0.3:53                 Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.32.0.4:53                 Masq    1      0          0    
至此kubernetes集群部署完成。如有问题欢迎在下面留言交流。希望大家多多关注和点赞，谢谢！            
            
                            

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kubeadm安装kubernetes1.13.2多master高可用集群

1. 简介

2. 架构信息

2.部署前准备工作

1) 关闭selinux和防火墙

2) 关闭swap

3) 为每台服务器添加host解析记录

4) 创建并分发密钥

5) 配置内核参数

6) 加载ipvs模块

7) 添加yum源

2. 部署keepalived和haproxy

1) 安装keepalived和haproxy

2) 修改配置

3) 启动服务

3. 部署kubernetes

1) 安装软件

2) 修改初始化配置

3) 预下载镜像

4) 初始化

5) 为kubectl准备Kubeconfig文件

6) 查看组件状态

7) 其他master部署

8) node部署

9) 部署网络插件flannel

10) 查看节点状态

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