在做usb-2.6.12LE06.patch.tar.gz补丁时候出现错误,所以找patch的方法,看到了关于参数的解释,学习了
blog.chinaunix.net/u1/48180/showart_1868730.html
下面是我出现的错误备份一下,//原因是patch的目录不对,应该在kernel同级的drivers/usb/目录下进行的哦
[root@localhost usb]# tar zxvf usb-2.6.12LE06.patch.tar.gz
usb-2.6.12.patch
[root@localhost usb]# ls
usb-2.6.12LE06.patch.tar.gz usb-2.6.12.patch
[root@localhost usb]# patch -p1 < usb-2.6.12.patch
can't find file to patch at input line 4
Perhaps you used the wrong -p or --strip option?
The text leading up to this was:
--------------------------
|diff -ruN usb_old/Makefile usb/Makefile
|--- usb_old/Makefile 2005-06-19 19:09:13.000000000 +0200
|+++ usb/Makefile 2005-11-06 00:44:46.000000000 +0100
--------------------------
File to patch:
Skip this patch? [y] y
Skipping patch.
1 out of 1 hunk ignored
can't find file to patch at input line 15
Perhaps you used the wrong -p or --strip option?
The text leading up to this was:
--------------------------
|diff -ruN usb_old/media/Kconfig usb/media/Kconfig
|--- usb_old/media/Kconfig 2005-06-19 17:49:07.000000000 +0200
|+++ usb/media/Kconfig 2005-11-25 21:14:39.000000000 +0100
--------------------------
File to patch:
Skip this patch? [y] y
Skipping patch.
1 out of 1 hunk ignored
can't find file to patch at input line 38
Perhaps you used the wrong -p or --strip option?
The text leading up to this was:
--------------------------
|diff -ruN usb_old/media/Makefile usb/media/Makefile
|--- usb_old/media/Makefile 2005-06-19 17:49:07.000000000 +0200
|+++ usb/media/Makefile 2005-11-05 23:05:56.000000000 +0100
--------------------------
File to patch:
Skip this patch? [y] y
Skipping patch.
1 out of 1 hunk ignored
patching file media/spca5xx/cs2102.h
patching file media/spca5xx/hdcs2020.h
patching file media/spca5xx/hv7131b.h
patching file media/spca5xx/hv7131c.h
patching file media/spca5xx/icm105a.h
patching file media/spca5xx/Makefile
patching file media/spca5xx/Makefile.2.4
patching file media/spca5xx/Makefile.org
patching file media/spca5xx/pas106b.h
patching file media/spca5xx/pb0330.h
patching file media/spca5xx/sn9cxxx.h
patching file media/spca5xx/sp5xxfw2.dat
patching file media/spca5xx/sp5xxfw2.h
patching file media/spca5xx/spca5xx.h
patching file media/spca5xx/spcaCompat.h
patching file media/spca5xx/spca_core.c
patching file media/spca5xx/spcadecoder.c
patching file media/spca5xx/spcadecoder.h
patching file media/spca5xx/spcausb.h
patching file media/spca5xx/tas5130c.h
patching file media/spca5xx/zc3xx.h
[root@localhost usb]#
创建补丁文件:
代码:diff -Naur 旧的目录 新的目录 > patch文件
或者
diff -Naur 旧的文件 新的文件 > patch文件对于目录层数的一些限制
在创建patch的时候文件夹的层数应当是一样的,比如
代码:--- old/modules/pcitableMon Sep 27 11:03:56 1999
+++ new/modules/pcitableTue Dec 19 20:05:41 2000这样是可以的。
而
代码:--- old/try1/other/modules/pcitableMon Sep 27 11:03:56 1999
+++ new/modules/pcitableTue Dec 19 20:05:41 2000这样做可能会有一些问题。
如何使用patch
对于一个patch文件,有两种常用使用方法:
1.代码:cat new-patch | patch -p02.代码:patch -p0 < new-patchpatch命令里面的层数(-p0?-p1?)
参数-p来指定从第几层开始比较。比如有一个patch文件的补丁头是这样的:
代码:--- old/modules/pcitableMon Sep 27 11:03:56 1999
+++ new/modules/pcitableTue Dec 19 20:05:41 2000如果使用参数-p0,就表示从当前目录,找一个叫作new的目录,在它下面找一个叫modules的目录,再在它下面找一个叫pcitableMon的目录。
如果使用参数-p1,就表示忽略第一层,从当前目录找一个叫modules的目录,在它下面找一个叫modules的目录。这样会忽略掉补丁头提到的new目录。
依此类推。
patch文件的结构
补丁头
补丁头是分别由---/+++开头的两行,用来表示要打补丁的文件。
一个补丁文件中的多个补丁
一个补丁文件中可能包含以---/+++开头的很多节,每一节用来打一个补丁。所以在一个补丁文件中可以包含好多个补丁。
块
块是补丁中要修改的地方。它通常由一部分不用修改的东西开始和结束。他们只是用来表示要修改的位置。他们通常以@@开始,结束于另一个块的开始或者一个新的补丁头。
块的缩进
块会缩进一列,而这一列是用来表示这一行是要增加还是要删除的。
块的第一列
+号表示这一行是要加上的。
-号表示这一行是要删除的。
没有加号也没有减号表示这里只是引用的而不需要修改。
一个patch的例子
代码:diff -u old/modules/pcitable new/modules/pcitable
--- old/modules/pcitableMon Sep 27 11:03:56 1999
+++ new/modules/pcitableTue Dec 19 20:05:41 2000
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
0x0e110xae10"cpqarray""Compaq|Smart-2/P RAID Controller"
+0x10000x0010"cpqarray""Compaq|Integrated Array Controller"
+0x10110x0046"cpqarray""Compaq|Smart-2/P RAID Controller"
0x0e110xae32"tlan""Compaq|Netelligent 10/100"
0x0e110xae34"tlan""Compaq|Netelligent 10"
0x0e110xae35"tlan""Compaq|Integrated NetFlex-3/P"
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@
0x10000x000f"ncr53c8xx""Symbios|53c875"
0x10000x0012"ncr53c8xx""Symbios|53c895a"
0x10000x008f"ncr53c8xx""Symbios|53c875J"
+0x10000x000a"sym53c8xx""Symbios|53c1510"
0x10000x0701"yellowfin""Symbios|83C885 gigabit ethernet"
0x10000x0702"yellowfin""Symbios|Yellowfin G-NIC gigabit ethernet"
0x10110x0001"tulip""DEC|DECchip 21050"
--- old/usr/share/kudzu/pcitableSun Sep 26 17:11:23 1999
+++ new/usr/share/kudzu/pcitableTue Dec 19 20:05:41 2000
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
0x0e110x3034"unknown""Compaq|QVision 1280/p"
0x0e110x4000"unknown""Compaq|4000 [Triflex]"
0x0e110xa0f3"ignore""Compaq|Triflex PCI to ISA Bridge"
+0x10000x0010"cpqarray""Compaq|Integrated Array Controller"
+0x10110x0046"cpqarray""Compaq|Smart-2/P RAID Controller"
0x0e110xae10"cpqarray""Compaq|Smart-2/P RAID Controller"
0x0e110xae29"unknown""Compaq|MIS-L"
0x0e110xae2a"unknown""Compaq|MPC"
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@
0x10000x000f"ncr53c8xx""Symbios|53c875"
0x10000x0012"ncr53c8xx""Symbios|53c895a"
0x10000x008f"ncr53c8xx""Symbios|53c875J"
+0x10000x000a"sym53c8xx""Symbios|53c1510"
0x10000x0701"yellowfin""Symbios|83C885 gigabit ethernet"
0x10000x0702"yellowfin""Symbios|Yellowfin G-NIC gigabit ethernet"
0x10000x0901"unknown""Symbios|61C102"分析
这个例子是由命令
代码:diff -u old/modules/pcitable new/modules/pcitable创建的。不过最好是用命令diff -Naur来代替diff -u。
它修改了两个文件,new/modules/pcitable和new/usr/share/kudzu/pcitable。
第一个补丁头包含两个块,分别增加了两行和一行。