硬盘管理工具介绍：smartctl

一、安装命令

[root@localhost scripts]# smartctl --all /dev/sda 
-bash: smartctl: 未找到命令

[root@localhost scripts]# yum search smartctl -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
======================================================================================= 匹配：smartctl ========================================================================================
smartmontools.x86_64 : Tools for monitoring SMART capable hard disks

[root@localhost scripts]# yum install smartmontools.x86_64 -y

二、参数介绍:

smartctl 
-i 指定设备
-d 指定设备类型,例如：ata, scsi, marvell, sat, 3ware,N
-a 或A 显示所有信息
-l 指定日志的类型，例如:TYPE: error, selftest, selective, directory,background, scttemp[sts,hist]
-H 查看硬盘健康状态
-t short 后台检测硬盘，消耗时间短
-t long 后台检测硬盘，消耗时间长
-C -t short 前台检测硬盘，消耗时间短
-C -t long 前台检测硬盘，消耗时间长
-X 中断后台检测硬盘
-l selftest 显示硬盘检测日志

三、命令演示介绍：

运行 smartctl --scan 以打印附加设备id和RAID类型的所有设备：

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[root@localhost scripts]# smartctl --scan 
/dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device
/dev/sdb -d scsi # /dev/sdb, SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,0 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_00], SCSI device
/dev/bus/0 -d megaraid,1 # /dev/bus/0 [megaraid_disk_01], SCSI device

在这里，megaraid 是RAID类型，megaraid_disk_00第一个0代表的是raid0  第二个0代表的是硬盘设备 id 0 
        megaraid 是RAID类型，megaraid_disk_01第一个0代表的是raid1  第二个1代表的是硬盘设备 id 1

[root@localhost scripts]#  smartctl -i /dev/sda1 
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

Smartctl open device: /dev/sda1 failed: DELL or MegaRaid controller, please try adding '-d megaraid,N'

由于演示的服务器是dell的，同时事先给这个机器的2块ssd硬盘做了raid0的
[root@localhost scripts]# /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -cfgdsply -aALL|grep -A7 "Virtual Drive Information"|sed '1d'
Virtual Drive: 0 (Target Id: 0)
Name                :
RAID Level          : Primary-0, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0
Size                : 223.0 GB
State               : Optimal
Strip Size          : 64 KB
Number Of Drives    : 1
--
Virtual Drive Information:
Virtual Drive: 1 (Target Id: 1)
Name                :
RAID Level          : Primary-0, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0
Size                : 223.0 GB
State               : Optimal
Strip Size          : 64 KB
Number Of Drives    : 1

查看硬盘设备类型（dell服务器，并且磁盘做了raid0的）：

[root@localhost scripts]#  smartctl -i /dev/sda1  -d megaraid,0
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Intel 730 and DC S35x0/3610/3700 Series SSDs
Device Model:     INTEL SSDSC2BB240G7
Serial Number:    PHDV7234023C240AGN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 5cd2e4 14e0aaaf5
Firmware Version: N2010112
User Capacity:    240,057,409,536 bytes [240 GB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Fri Jan 17 17:13:49 2020 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

super server 超威服务器：主板未绑定raid卡， 硬盘没有做raid

[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -i /dev/sda  
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     SanDisk SD8SBAT256G1122
Serial Number:    161855404280
LU WWN Device Id: 5 001b44 4a4b8c6ca
Firmware Version: Z2333000
User Capacity:    256,060,514,304 bytes [256 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Fri Jan 17 17:35:09 2020 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

查看硬盘型号,检测硬盘状态,查看硬盘报错日志：

[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -i /dev/sda -H -l error 
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     SanDisk SD8SBAT256G1122
Serial Number:    161855404280
LU WWN Device Id: 5 001b44 4a4b8c6ca
Firmware Version: Z2333000
User Capacity:    256,060,514,304 bytes [256 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Fri Jan 17 17:40:50 2020 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

dell服务器查看磁盘的详细信息：

[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda
[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -A /dev/sda1 -d megaraid,0
[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda1 -d megaraid,0
[root@localhost ~]# smartctl -a -d megaraid,0 /dev/sda -s on 
smartctl 7.0 2018-12-30 r4883 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-18, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Intel 730 and DC S35x0/3610/3700 Series SSDs
Device Model:     INTEL SSDSC2BB240G7
Serial Number:    PHDV7234023C240AGN
LU WWN Device Id: 5 5cd2e4 14e0aaaf5
Firmware Version: N2010112
User Capacity:    240,057,409,536 bytes [240 GB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Fri Feb  7 17:24:40 2020 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Enabled.

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status not supported: ATA return descriptor not supported by controller firmware
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x79) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    No Auto Offline data collection support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       18907
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       16
170 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
171 Program_Fail_Count      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
172 Erase_Fail_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
174 Unsafe_Shutdown_Count   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       12
175 Power_Loss_Cap_Test     0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       13590 (125 4176)
183 SATA_Downshift_Count    0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0033   100   100   090    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Temperature_Case        0x0022   072   068   000    Old_age   Always       -       28 (Min/Max 19/32)
192 Unsafe_Shutdown_Count   0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       12
194 Temperature_Internal    0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       28
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
199 CRC_Error_Count         0x003e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
225 Host_Writes_32MiB       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       275286
226 Workld_Media_Wear_Indic 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1638
227 Workld_Host_Reads_Perc  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
228 Workload_Minutes        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1134456
232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
233 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
234 Thermal_Throttle        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0/0
241 Host_Writes_32MiB       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       275286
242 Host_Reads_32MiB        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       3597
243 NAND_Writes_32MiB       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       850447

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

HP硬盘：

smartctl -s on -d  cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c0d0 开启SMART
smartctl  -a  -d cciss,0 -i /dev/cciss/c0d0  显示所有SMART信息
smartctl  -l error  -d cciss,0 -i /dev/cciss/c0d0 查看磁盘错误日志

演示记录到此，方便工作中查阅