AIDE学习笔记

参考：http://www.iamle.com/archives/1664.html

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AIDE的用法和tripwire类似。都是通过生成一份文件指纹的数据库，然后对比。所以，我们最好在刚安装完系统后，就安装这个工具，获取一份干净的文件指纹。

安装与配置

yum -y install aide

主要文件如下：

主程序：/usr/sbin/aide

文件指纹库：/var/lib/aide

日志：/var/log/aide

cp /etc/aide.conf /etc/aide.conf_bak

vim /etc/aide.conf内容如下：

#Example configuration file for AIDE.

@@define DBDIR /var/lib/aide #基准数据库目录

@@define LOGDIR /var/log/aide #日志目录

#The location of the database to be read.

database=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.gz #基础数据库文件

#The location of the database to be written.

#database_out=sql:host:port:database:login_name:passwd:table

#database_out=file:aide.db.new

database_out=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.new.gz #更新数据库文件

#Whether to gzip the output to database

gzip_dbout=yes

#Default.

verbose=5

report_url=file:@@{LOGDIR}/aide.log

report_url=stdout

#report_url=stderr

#NOTIMPLEMENTED report_url=mailto:root@foo.com

#NOTIMPLEMENTED report_url=syslog:LOG_AUTH

#These are the default rules.  下面这些这是规则说明

#

#p:      permissions

#i:      inode:

#n:      number of links

#u:      user

#g:      group

#s:      size

#b:      block count

#m:      mtime

#a:      atime

#c:      ctime

#S:      check for growing size

#acl:           Access Control Lists

#selinux        SELinux security context

#xattrs:        Extended file attributes

#md5:    md5 checksum

#sha1:   sha1 checksum

#sha256:        sha256 checksum

#sha512:        sha512 checksum

#rmd160:rmd160 checksum

#tiger:  tiger checksum

#haval:  haval checksum (MHASH only)

#gost:   gost checksum (MHASH only)

#crc32:  crc32 checksum (MHASH only)

#whirlpool:     whirlpool checksum (MHASH only)

下面是参数的组合表示法

#R:            p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5

#L:             p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

#E:             Empty group

#>:             Growing logfilep+u+g+i+n+S+acl+selinux+xattrs

R = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5

L = p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

> = p+u+g+i+n+S+acl+selinux+xattrs

#You can create custom rules like this.

#With MHASH...

#ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+whirlpool+tiger+haval+gost+crc32

ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+tiger

#Everything but access time (Ie. all changes)

EVERYTHING = R+ALLXTRAHASHES

#Sane, with multiple hashes

#NORMAL = R+rmd160+sha256+whirlpool

NORMAL = R+rmd160+sha256

#For directories, don't bother doing hashes

DIR = p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

#Access control only

PERMS = p+i+u+g+acl+selinux

#Logfile are special, in that they often change

LOG = >

#Just do md5 and sha256 hashes

LSPP = R+sha256

#Some files get updated automatically, so the inode/ctime/mtime change

#but we want to know when the data inside them changes

DATAONLY = p+n+u+g+s+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5+sha256+rmd160+tiger

#下面是配置监控哪些目录下的文件异动情况

#Next decide what directories/files you want in the database.

/boot   NORMAL

/bin    NORMAL

/sbin   NORMAL

/lib    NORMAL

/lib64  NORMAL

/opt    NORMAL

/usr    NORMAL

/root   NORMAL

#These are too volatile 

!/usr/src

!/usr/tmp

!/usr/share #通过文件路径前面加感叹号 !排除这个路径的监控,请自定义

#Check only permissions, inode, user and group for /etc, but

#cover some important files closely.

/etc    PERMS

!/etc/mtab

#Ignore backup files

!/etc/.*~

/etc/exports  NORMAL

/etc/fstab    NORMAL

/etc/passwd   NORMAL

/etc/group    NORMAL

/etc/gshadow  NORMAL

/etc/shadow   NORMAL

/etc/security/opasswd   NORMAL

/etc/hosts.allow   NORMAL

/etc/hosts.deny    NORMAL

/etc/sudoers    NORMAL

/etc/skel    NORMAL

/etc/logrotate.d    NORMAL

/etc/resolv.conf    DATAONLY

/etc/nscd.conf    NORMAL

/etc/securetty    NORMAL

#Shell/X starting files

/etc/profile    NORMAL

/etc/bashrc   NORMAL

/etc/bash_completion.d/   NORMAL

/etc/login.defs   NORMAL

/etc/zprofile   NORMAL

/etc/zshrc   NORMAL

/etc/zlogin   NORMAL

/etc/zlogout   NORMAL

/etc/profile.d/    NORMAL

/etc/X11/    NORMAL

#Pkg manager

/etc/yum.conf    NORMAL

/etc/yumex.conf    NORMAL

/etc/yumex.profiles.conf    NORMAL

/etc/yum/    NORMAL

/etc/yum.repos.d/    NORMAL

/var/log   LOG

/var/run/utmp    LOG

#This gets new/removes-old filenames daily

!/var/log/sa

#As we are checking it, we've truncated yesterdays size to zero.

!/var/log/aide.log

#LSPP rules...

#AIDE produces an audit record, so this becomes perpetual motion.

#/var/log/audit/ LSPP

/etc/audit/    LSPP

/etc/libaudit.conf    LSPP

/usr/sbin/stunnel    LSPP

/var/spool/at    LSPP

/etc/at.allow    LSPP

/etc/at.deny    LSPP

/etc/cron.allow    LSPP

/etc/cron.deny    LSPP

/etc/cron.d/    LSPP

/etc/cron.daily/    LSPP

/etc/cron.hourly/    LSPP

/etc/cron.monthly/    LSPP

/etc/cron.weekly/    LSPP

/etc/crontab    LSPP

/var/spool/cron/root    LSPP

/etc/login.defs    LSPP

/etc/securetty    LSPP

/var/log/faillog    LSPP

/var/log/lastlog    LSPP

/etc/hosts    LSPP

/etc/sysconfig    LSPP

/etc/inittab    LSPP

/etc/grub/    LSPP

/etc/rc.d    LSPP

/etc/ld.so.conf    LSPP

/etc/localtime    LSPP

/etc/sysctl.conf    LSPP

/etc/modprobe.conf    LSPP

/etc/pam.d    LSPP

/etc/security    LSPP

/etc/aliases    LSPP

/etc/postfix    LSPP

/etc/ssh/sshd_config    LSPP

/etc/ssh/ssh_config    LSPP

/etc/stunnel    LSPP

/etc/vsftpd.ftpusers    LSPP

/etc/vsftpd    LSPP

/etc/issue    LSPP

/etc/issue.net    LSPP

/etc/cups    LSPP

#With AIDE's default verbosity level of 5, these would give lots of

#warnings upon tree traversal. It might change with future version.

#

#=/lost\+found    DIR

#=/home           DIR

#Ditto /var/log/sa reason...

!/var/log/and-httpd

#Admins dot files constantly change, just check perms

/root/\..*PERMS

#初始化监控数据库

aide -c /etc/aide.conf --init   

这步的时间较长，完成后会在/var/lib/aide下面生成一个名为：aide.db.new.gz的文件

#把当前初始化的数据库作为开始的基础数据库

cp /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz

#在终端中查看检测结果

aide --check

下图是我添加一个账户账户，执行aide --check的结果的部分截图。

#如果确认文件变动是正常的改动更新改动到基础数据库

aide --update

cd /var/lib/aide/

mv aide.db.new.gz aide.db.gz  #覆盖替换旧的数据库

#检查文件改动保存到文件

aide --check --report=file:/tmp/aide-report-`date +%Y%m%d`.txt

#定时任务执行aide检测报告和自动邮件发送aide检测报告

echo '0 8 * * * /usr/sbin/aide -C -V4 | mail -s "AIDE REPORT $(date+%Y%m%d)"  xxx@gmail.com' >> /var/spool/cron/root

注意：需要先配置好发邮件的程序。

-C参数和–check是一个意思

-V报告的详细程度可以通过-V选项来调控，级别为0-255， -V0最简略，-V255最详细。