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这篇文章主要介绍了Java语言如何实现数据结构栈,具有一定借鉴价值,感兴趣的朋友可以参考下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获,下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
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首先了解下栈的概念:
栈是限定仅在表头进行插入和删除操作的线性表。有时又叫LIFO(后进先出表)。要搞清楚这个概念,首先要明白”栈“原来的意思,如此才能把握本质。
"栈“者,存储货物或供旅客住宿的地方,可引申为仓库、中转站,所以引入到计算机领域里,就是指数据暂时存储的地方,所以才有进栈、出栈的说法。
实现方式是这样的:首先定义了一个接口,然后通过这个接口实现了线性栈和链式栈,代码比较简单,如下:
package com.peter.java.dsa.interfaces; /** * 栈操作定义 * * @author Peter Pan */ public interface Stack{ /* 判空 */ Boolean isEmpty(); /* 清空栈 */ void clear(); /* 弹栈 */ T pop(); /* 入栈 */ Boolean push(T data); /* 栈的长度 */ int length(); /* 查看栈顶的元素,但不移除它 */ T peek(); /* 返回对象在栈中的位置 */ int search(T data); }
线性栈:以数组的方式实现。
package com.peter.java.dsa.common; import com.peter.java.dsa.interfaces.Stack; /** * 线性栈 * * @author Peter Pan */ public class LinearStackimplements Stack { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private T[] t = (T[]) new Object[16]; private int size = 0; @Override public Boolean isEmpty() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return size == 0; } @Override public void clear() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) { t[i] = null; } size = 0; } @Override public T pop() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (size == 0) { return null; } T tmp = t[size - 1]; t[size - 1] = null; size--; return tmp; } @Override public Boolean push(T data) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (size >= t.length) { resize(); } t[size++] = data; return true; } @Override public int length() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return size; } @Override public T peek() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (size == 0) { return null; } else { return t[size - 1]; } } /* return index of data, return -1 if no data */ @Override public int search(T data) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int index = -1; for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) { if (t[i].equals(data)) { index = i; break; } } return index; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private void resize() { T[] tmp = (T[]) new Object[t.length * 2]; for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) { tmp[i] = t[i]; t[i] = null; } t = tmp; tmp = null; } /* from the left to the right is from the top to the bottom of the stack */ @Override public String toString() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("Linear Stack Content:["); for (int i = t.length - 1; i > -1; i--) { buffer.append(t[i].toString() + ","); } buffer.append("]"); buffer.replace(buffer.lastIndexOf(","), buffer.lastIndexOf(",") + 1, ""); return buffer.toString(); } }
链式栈:通过单链表进行实现。
package com.peter.java.dsa.common; import com.peter.java.dsa.interfaces.Stack; public class LinkedStackimplements Stack { private Node top; private int size; @Override public Boolean isEmpty() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return size == 0; } @Override public void clear() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub top = null; size = 0; } @Override public T pop() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub T topValue = null; if (top != null) { topValue = top.data; Node oldTop = top; top = top.prev; oldTop.prev = null; size--; } return topValue; } @Override public Boolean push(T data) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Node oldTop = top; top = new Node(data); top.prev = oldTop; size++; return true; } @Override public int length() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return size; } @Override public T peek() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub T topValue = null; if (top != null) { topValue = top.data; } return topValue; } @Override public int search(T data) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub int index = -1; Node tmp = top; for (int i = size - 1; i > -1; i--) { if (tmp.data.equals(data)) { index = i; break; } else { tmp = tmp.prev; } } tmp = null; return index; } @Override public String toString() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); buffer.append("Linked Stack Content:["); Node tmp = top; for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) { buffer.append(tmp.toString() + ","); tmp = tmp.prev; } tmp = null; buffer.append("]"); buffer.replace(buffer.lastIndexOf(","), buffer.lastIndexOf(",") + 1, ""); return super.toString(); } private class Node { T data; Node prev; public Node(T data) { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub this.data = data; } } }
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