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Android系统提供了两种HTTP通信类,HttpURLConnection
和HttpClient
。
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尽管Google在大部分安卓版本中推荐使用HttpURLConnection,但是这个类相比HttpClient实在是太难用,太弱爆了。
OkHttp是一个相对成熟的解决方案,据说Android4.4的源码中可以看到HttpURLConnection已经替换成OkHttp实现了。所以我们更有理由相信OkHttp的强大。
使用范围
OkHttp支持Android 2.3及其以上版本。
对于Java, JDK1.7以上。
基本使用
HTTP GET
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); String run(String url) throws IOException { Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { return response.body().string(); } else { throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response); } }
Request是OkHttp中访问的请求,Builder是辅助类。Response即OkHttp中的响应。
Response类:
public boolean isSuccessful() Returns true if the code is in [200..300), which means the request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
response.body()
返回ResponseBody
类
可以方便的获取string
public final String string() throws IOException Returns the response as a string decoded with the charset of the Content-Type header. If that header is either absent or lacks a charset, this will attempt to decode the response body as UTF-8. Throws: IOException
当然也能获取到流的形式:
public final InputStream byteStream()
HTTP POST
POST提交Json数据
public static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"); OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); String post(String url, String json) throws IOException { RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(JSON, json); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(body) .build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); f (response.isSuccessful()) { return response.body().string(); } else { throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response); } }
使用Request
的post
方法来提交请求体RequestBody
POST提交键值对
很多时候我们会需要通过POST方式把键值对数据传送到服务器。 OkHttp提供了很方便的方式来做这件事情。
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); String post(String url, String json) throws IOException { RequestBody formBody = new FormEncodingBuilder() .add("platform", "android") .add("name", "bug") .add("subject", "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX") .build(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(body) .build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); if (response.isSuccessful()) { return response.body().string(); } else { throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response); } }
注意:
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import cn.wiz.sdk.constant.WizConstant; import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback; import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient; import com.squareup.okhttp.Request; import com.squareup.okhttp.Response; public class OkHttpUtil { private static final OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient(); static{ mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } /** * 该不会开启异步线程。 * @param request * @return * @throws IOException */ public static Response execute(Request request) throws IOException{ return mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).execute(); } /** * 开启异步线程访问网络 * @param request * @param responseCallback */ public static void enqueue(Request request, Callback responseCallback){ mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(responseCallback); } /** * 开启异步线程访问网络, 且不在意返回结果(实现空callback) * @param request */ public static void enqueue(Request request){ mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onResponse(Response arg0) throws IOException { } @Override public void onFailure(Request arg0, IOException arg1) { } }); } public static String getStringFromServer(String url) throws IOException{ Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build(); Response response = execute(request); if (response.isSuccessful()) { String responseUrl = response.body().string(); return responseUrl; } else { throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response); } } private static final String CHARSET_NAME = "UTF-8"; /** * 这里使用了HttpClinet的API。只是为了方便 * @param params * @return */ public static String formatParams(Listparams){ return URLEncodedUtils.format(params, CHARSET_NAME); } /** * 为HttpGet 的 url 方便的添加多个name value 参数。 * @param url * @param params * @return */ public static String attachHttpGetParams(String url, List params){ return url + "?" + formatParams(params); } /** * 为HttpGet 的 url 方便的添加1个name value 参数。 * @param url * @param name * @param value * @return */ public static String attachHttpGetParam(String url, String name, String value){ return url + "?" + name + "=" + value; } }
总结
通过上面的例子我们可以发现,OkHttp在很多时候使用都是很方便的,而且很多代码也有重复,因此特地整理了下面的工具类。