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这篇文章主要为大家展示了“Hibernate如何配置”,内容简而易懂,条理清晰,希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑,下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“Hibernate如何配置”这篇文章吧。
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Hibernate.cfg.xml是主配置文件,其中配置大体分为3部分:数据库连接信息、其他参数、映射信息!
com.MySQL.jdbc.Driver jdbc:mysql:///test root root org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect false true update
## MySQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mysql:///test #hibernate.connection.username gavin #hibernate.connection.password
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop 每次在创建sessionFactory时候执行创建表;当调用sesisonFactory的close方法的时候,删除表! #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create 每次都重新建表; 如果表已经存在就先删除再创建 #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update 如果表不存在就创建; 表存在就不创建; #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate (生成环境时候) 执行验证: 当映射文件的内容与数据库表结构不一样的时候就报错!
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport; public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { // 创建配置管理类对象 Configuration config = new Configuration(); // 加载主配置文件 config.configure(); // 创建工具类对象 SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(config); // 建表 // 第一个参数: 是否在控制台打印建表语句 // 第二个参数: 是否执行脚本 export.create(true, true); } }
常用配置参考文件:hibernate-distribution-3.6.0.Final\project\etc\hibernate.properties
###################### ### Query Language ### ###################### ## define query language constants / function names hibernate.query.substitutions yes 'Y', no 'N' ## select the classic query parser #hibernate.query.factory_class org.hibernate.hql.classic.ClassicQueryTranslatorFactory ################# ### Platforms ### ################# ## JNDI Datasource #hibernate.connection.datasource jdbc/test #hibernate.connection.username db2 #hibernate.connection.password db2 ## HypersonicSQL hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect hibernate.connection.driver_class org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver hibernate.connection.username sa hibernate.connection.password hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:./build/db/hsqldb/hibernate #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:test ## H2 (www.h3database.com) #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class org.h3.Driver #hibernate.connection.username sa #hibernate.connection.password #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:mem:./build/db/h3/hibernate #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:testdb/h3test #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:mem:imdb1 #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:tcp://dbserv:8084/sample; #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:ssl://secureserv:8085/sample; #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:ssl://secureserv/testdb;cipher=AES ## MySQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mysql:///test #hibernate.connection.username gavin #hibernate.connection.password ## Oracle #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle8iDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9iDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver #hibernate.connection.username ora #hibernate.connection.password ora #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1522:XE ## PostgreSQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class org.postgresql.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:postgresql:template1 #hibernate.connection.username pg #hibernate.connection.password ## DB2 #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DB2Dialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.app.DB2Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/somename #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2:somename #hibernate.connection.username db2 #hibernate.connection.password db2 ## TimesTen #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.TimesTenDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.timesten.jdbc.TimesTenDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:timesten:direct:test #hibernate.connection.username #hibernate.connection.password ## DB2/400 #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DB2400Dialect #hibernate.connection.username user #hibernate.connection.password password ## Native driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.app.DB2Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2://systemname ## Toolbox driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ibm.as400.access.AS400JDBCDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:as400://systemname ## Derby (not supported!) #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver #hibernate.connection.username #hibernate.connection.password #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:derby:build/db/derby/hibernate;create=true ## Sybase #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.sybase.jdbc2.jdbc.SybDriver #hibernate.connection.username sa #hibernate.connection.password sasasa #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sybase:Tds:co3061835-a:5000/tempdb ## Mckoi SQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MckoiDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mckoi.JDBCDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mckoi:/// #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mckoi:local://C:/mckoi1.0.3/db.conf #hibernate.connection.username admin #hibernate.connection.password nimda ## SAP DB #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SAPDBDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.sap.dbtech.jdbc.DriverSapDB #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sapdb://localhost/TST #hibernate.connection.username TEST #hibernate.connection.password TEST #hibernate.query.substitutions yes 'Y', no 'N' ## MS SQL Server #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect #hibernate.connection.username sa #hibernate.connection.password sa ## JSQL Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.jnetdirect.jsql.JSQLDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:JSQLConnect://1E1/test ## JTURBO Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.newatlanta.jturbo.driver.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:JTurbo://1E1:1433/test ## WebLogic Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class weblogic.jdbc.mssqlserver4.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:weblogic:mssqlserver4:1E1:1433 ## Microsoft Driver (not recommended!) #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://1E1;DatabaseName=test;SelectMethod=cursor ## The New Microsoft Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sqlserver://localhost ## jTDS (since version 0.9) #hibernate.connection.driver_class net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://1E1/test ## Interbase #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.InterbaseDialect #hibernate.connection.username sysdba #hibernate.connection.password masterkey ## DO NOT specify hibernate.connection.sqlDialect ## InterClient #hibernate.connection.driver_class interbase.interclient.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:interbase://localhost:3060/C:/firebird/test.gdb ## Pure Java #hibernate.connection.driver_class org.firebirdsql.jdbc.FBDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:firebirdsql:localhost/3050:/firebird/test.gdb ## Pointbase #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.PointbaseDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.pointbase.jdbc.jdbcUniversalDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:pointbase:embedded:sample #hibernate.connection.username PBPUBLIC #hibernate.connection.password PBPUBLIC ## Ingres ## older versions (before Ingress 2006) #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class ca.edbc.jdbc.EdbcDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:edbc://localhost:II7/database #hibernate.connection.username user #hibernate.connection.password password ## Ingres 2006 or later #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ingres.jdbc.IngresDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:ingres://localhost:II7/database;CURSOR=READONLY;auto=multi #hibernate.connection.username user #hibernate.connection.password password ## Mimer SQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MimerSQLDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mimer.jdbc.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mimer:multi1 #hibernate.connection.username hibernate #hibernate.connection.password hibernate ## InterSystems Cache #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Cache71Dialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.intersys.jdbc.CacheDriver #hibernate.connection.username _SYSTEM #hibernate.connection.password SYS #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:Cache://127.0.0.1:1972/HIBERNATE ################################# ### Hibernate Connection Pool ### ################################# hibernate.connection.pool_size 1 ########################### ### C3P0 Connection Pool### ########################### #hibernate.c3p0.max_size 2 #hibernate.c3p0.min_size 2 #hibernate.c3p0.timeout 5000 #hibernate.c3p0.max_statements 100 #hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period 3000 #hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment 2 #hibernate.c3p0.validate false ############################## ### Proxool Connection Pool### ############################## ## Properties for external configuration of Proxool hibernate.proxool.pool_alias pool1 ## Only need one of the following #hibernate.proxool.existing_pool true #hibernate.proxool.xml proxool.xml #hibernate.proxool.properties proxool.properties ################################# ### Plugin ConnectionProvider ### ################################# ## use a custom ConnectionProvider (if not set, Hibernate will choose a built-in ConnectionProvider using hueristics) #hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider #hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.DatasourceConnectionProvider #hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider #hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.ProxoolConnectionProvider ####################### ### Transaction API ### ####################### ## Enable automatic flush during the JTA beforeCompletion() callback ## (This setting is relevant with or without the Transaction API) #hibernate.transaction.flush_before_completion ## Enable automatic session close at the end of transaction ## (This setting is relevant with or without the Transaction API) #hibernate.transaction.auto_close_session ## the Transaction API abstracts application code from the underlying JTA or JDBC transactions #hibernate.transaction.factory_class org.hibernate.transaction.JTATransactionFactory #hibernate.transaction.factory_class org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory ## to use JTATransactionFactory, Hibernate must be able to locate the UserTransaction in JNDI ## default is java:comp/UserTransaction ## you do NOT need this setting if you specify hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class #jta.UserTransaction jta/usertransaction #jta.UserTransaction javax.transaction.UserTransaction #jta.UserTransaction UserTransaction ## to use the second-level cache with JTA, Hibernate must be able to obtain the JTA TransactionManager #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.JBossTransactionManagerLookup #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.WeblogicTransactionManagerLookup #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.WebSphereTransactionManagerLookup #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.OrionTransactionManagerLookup #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.ResinTransactionManagerLookup ############################## ### Miscellaneous Settings ### ############################## ## print all generated SQL to the console #hibernate.show_sql true ## format SQL in log and console hibernate.format_sql true ## add comments to the generated SQL #hibernate.use_sql_comments true ## generate statistics #hibernate.generate_statistics true ## auto schema export #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate ## specify a default schema and catalog for unqualified tablenames #hibernate.default_schema test #hibernate.default_catalog test ## enable ordering of SQL UPDATEs by primary key #hibernate.order_updates true ## set the maximum depth of the outer join fetch tree hibernate.max_fetch_depth 1 ## set the default batch size for batch fetching #hibernate.default_batch_fetch_size 8 ## rollback generated identifier values of deleted entities to default values #hibernate.use_identifer_rollback true ## enable bytecode reflection optimizer (disabled by default) #hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer true ##################### ### JDBC Settings ### ##################### ## specify a JDBC isolation level #hibernate.connection.isolation 4 ## enable JDBC autocommit (not recommended!) #hibernate.connection.autocommit true ## set the JDBC fetch size #hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size 25 ## set the maximum JDBC 2 batch size (a nonzero value enables batching) #hibernate.jdbc.batch_size 5 #hibernate.jdbc.batch_size 0 ## enable batch updates even for versioned data hibernate.jdbc.batch_versioned_data true ## enable use of JDBC 2 scrollable ResultSets (specifying a Dialect will cause Hibernate to use a sensible default) #hibernate.jdbc.use_scrollable_resultset true ## use streams when writing binary types to / from JDBC hibernate.jdbc.use_streams_for_binary true ## use JDBC 3 PreparedStatement.getGeneratedKeys() to get the identifier of an inserted row #hibernate.jdbc.use_get_generated_keys false ## choose a custom JDBC batcher # hibernate.jdbc.factory_class ## enable JDBC result set column alias caching ## (minor performance enhancement for broken JDBC drivers) # hibernate.jdbc.wrap_result_sets ## choose a custom SQL exception converter #hibernate.jdbc.sql_exception_converter ########################## ### Second-level Cache ### ########################## ## optimize chache for minimal "puts" instead of minimal "gets" (good for clustered cache) #hibernate.cache.use_minimal_puts true ## set a prefix for cache region names hibernate.cache.region_prefix hibernate.test ## disable the second-level cache #hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache false ## enable the query cache #hibernate.cache.use_query_cache true ## store the second-level cache entries in a more human-friendly format #hibernate.cache.use_structured_entries true ## choose a cache implementation #hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider #hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.EmptyCacheProvider hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider #hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.TreeCacheProvider #hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.OSCacheProvider #hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.SwarmCacheProvider ## choose a custom query cache implementation #hibernate.cache.query_cache_factory ############ ### JNDI ### ############ ## specify a JNDI name for the SessionFactory #hibernate.session_factory_name hibernate/session_factory ## Hibernate uses JNDI to bind a name to a SessionFactory and to look up the JTA UserTransaction; ## if hibernate.jndi.* are not specified, Hibernate will use the default InitialContext() which ## is the best approach in an application server #file system #hibernate.jndi.class com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory #hibernate.jndi.url file:/ #WebSphere #hibernate.jndi.class com.ibm.websphere.naming.WsnInitialContextFactory #hibernate.jndi.url iiop://localhost:900/
1、普通字段类型
2、主键映射
a)单列主键映射
b)多列作为主键映射
Employee.hbm.xml
Employee.java
package com.rk.hibernate.d_hbm_config; import java.util.Date; public class Employee { private String empId; private String empName; private Date workDate; private String desc; public String getEmpId() { return empId; } public void setEmpId(String empId) { this.empId = empId; } public String getEmpName() { return empName; } public void setEmpName(String empName) { this.empName = empName; } public Date getWorkDate() { return workDate; } public void setWorkDate(Date workDate) { this.workDate = workDate; } public String getDesc() { return desc; } public void setDesc(String desc) { this.desc = desc; } @Override public String toString() { return "Employee [empId=" + empId + ", empName=" + empName + ", workDate=" + workDate + ", desc=" + desc + "]"; } }
App.java
package com.rk.hibernate.d_hbm_config; import java.util.Date; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.junit.Test; public class App { private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; static { sessionFactory = new Configuration() .configure() .addClass(Employee.class) //会自动加载映射文件:Employee.hbm.xml。这样,在hibernate.cfg.xml中就不用添加映射了 .buildSessionFactory(); } @Test public void testSave() { Session session = null; Transaction tx = null; try { Employee emp = new Employee(); emp.setEmpName("Tom"); emp.setWorkDate(new Date()); emp.setDesc("这里是描述"); session = sessionFactory.openSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); session.save(emp); System.out.println("执行结束!"); } catch(Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } }
(1)一个表能否有多个主键? 不能。
(2)为什么要设置主键? 数据库存储的数据都是有效的,必须保持唯一。
(3)为什么把id作为主键?因为表中通常找不到合适的列作为唯一列即主键,所以为了方法用id列,因为id是数据库系统维护可以保证唯一,所以就把这列作为主键!
(4)联合/复合主键。如果找不到合适的列作为主键,出来用id列以外,我们一般用联合主键,即多列的值作为一个主键,从而确保记录的唯一性。
联合主键的案例
CompositeKeys.java
package com.rk.hibernate.e_compositekey; import java.io.Serializable; //复合主键类 public class CompositeKeys implements Serializable { private String username; private String address; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } }
User.java
package com.rk.hibernate.e_compositekey; public class User { // 名字跟地址,不会重复 private CompositeKeys pkeys; private int age; public CompositeKeys getPkeys() { return pkeys; } public void setPkeys(CompositeKeys pkeys) { this.pkeys = pkeys; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [username=" + pkeys.getUsername() + ", address=" + pkeys.getAddress() + ", age=" + age + "]"; } }
User.hbm.xml
App.java
package com.rk.hibernate.e_compositekey; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.junit.Test; public class App { private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; static { sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().addClass(User.class).buildSessionFactory(); } @Test public void testSave() { Session session = null; Transaction tx = null; try { // 对象 CompositeKeys pkeys = new CompositeKeys(); pkeys.setAddress("火星"); pkeys.setUsername("小明"); User u = new User(); u.setPkeys(pkeys); u.setAge(20); // 保存 session = sessionFactory.openSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); session.save(u); System.out.println("执行结束!"); } catch(Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } @Test public void testQuery() { Session session = null; Transaction tx = null; try { //构建复合主键 CompositeKeys pkeys = new CompositeKeys(); pkeys.setAddress("火星"); pkeys.setUsername("小明"); // 查询 session = sessionFactory.openSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); User u = (User) session.get(User.class, pkeys); System.out.println(u); System.out.println("执行结束!"); } catch(Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } }
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