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Oracle学习之RMAN（十五）恢复实战--TSPITR
TSPITR是英文Tablespace Point In Time Recovery的缩写。也就是表空间定点时间恢复。TSPITR是一种相对细粒度的不完全恢复技术。我们通常见到的还原操作，都是将所有的表空间和数据还原到相同的一个时间点上。而TSPITR则是以表空间为粒度单元，单独将某个表空间内容还原到一个特定可恢复时间点上。举一个例子：一个Oracle数据库运行在归档模式下，在夜间零时保留一份完全备份。早上七点时候，某个特定表空间上数据表（单个表独占表空间）发生一个误操作，数据损坏。要求在不伤害其他数据表数据的情况下，将表空间数据恢复到早上六点。这样部分数据恢复的场景，就是TSPITR的典型应用。
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1. 建立一个表空间
SQL> create tablespace tspitr datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/tspitr01.dbf' size 20M; Tablespace created.
2. 在这个表空间上创建一个表，并插入数据
SQL> conn scott/tiger Connected. SQL> create table t_tspitr_test tablespace tspitr as select * from emp; Table created. SQL> select count(*) from t_tspitr_test; COUNT(*) ---------- 14
3. 对数据库做一个备份
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog delete all input; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 14:40:29 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=1 STAMP=884613136 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:40:30 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:40:31 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T144030_bsw5ty9m_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T144030 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_3_bsw30j7b_.arc RECID=1 STAMP=884613136 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=2 STAMP=884616029 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:40:31 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:40:32 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T144030_bsw5tzsf_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T144030 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_1_bsw5txwl_.arc RECID=2 STAMP=884616029 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 14:40:32 Starting backup at 2015/07/09 14:40:32 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/tspitr01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:40:33 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:42:18 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T144032_bsw5v1cb_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T144032 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:42:19 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:42:20 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T144032_bsw5ycl2_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T144032 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 14:42:20 Starting backup at 2015/07/09 14:42:20 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=3 STAMP=884616140 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:42:20 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 14:42:21 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T144220_bsw5ydxj_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T144220 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/archivelog/2015_07_09/o1_mf_1_2_bsw5ydp6_.arc RECID=3 STAMP=884616140 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 14:42:21
4. 我们做如下操作
SQL> select sequence#, status,sysdate from v$log; SEQUENCE# STATUS SYSDATE ---------- ---------- ------------------- 1 INACTIVE 2015/07/09 14:56:10 2 INACTIVE 2015/07/09 14:56:10 3 CURRENT 2015/07/09 14:56:10 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> select sequence#, status,sysdate from v$log; SEQUENCE# STATUS SYSDATE ---------- ---------- ------------------- 4 CURRENT 2015/07/09 14:57:20 2 INACTIVE 2015/07/09 14:57:20 3 ACTIVE 2015/07/09 14:57:20 SQL> insert into scott.t_tspitr_test select * from scott.t_tspitr_test; 14 rows created. SQL> select count(*) from scott.t_tspitr_test; COUNT(*) ---------- 28 SQL> alter system switch logfile; System altered. SQL> select sequence#, status,sysdate from v$log; SEQUENCE# STATUS SYSDATE ---------- ---------- ------------------- 4 ACTIVE 2015/07/09 14:59:11 5 CURRENT 2015/07/09 14:59:11 3 INACTIVE 2015/07/09 14:59:11 SQL>
当恢复到日志编号为3时表中应该有14条数据。
4. 建立辅助恢复目录
11gdg-> mkdir /backup/aux
6.执行恢复
RMAN> RECOVER TABLESPACE 'TSPITR' UNTIL LOGSEQ 3 AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/backup/aux';
Starting recover at 2015/07/09 15:16:06
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=47 device type=DISK
RMAN-05026: WARNING: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point-in-time
List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments
Tablespace SYSTEM
Tablespace UNDOTBS1
Creating automatic instance, with SID='nkvk'
initialization parameters used for automatic instance:
db_name=DEVDB
db_unique_name=nkvk_tspitr_DEVDB
compatible=11.2.0.0.0
db_block_size=8192
db_files=200
sga_target=280M
processes=50
db_create_file_dest=/backup/aux
log_archive_dest_1='location=/backup/aux'
#No auxiliary parameter file used
starting up automatic instance DEVDB
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 292278272 bytes
Fixed Size 2227744 bytes
Variable Size 100663776 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 4837376 bytes
Automatic instance created
Running TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK on recovery set tablespaces
TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK completed successfully
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until logseq 3 thread 1;
# restore the controlfile
restore clone controlfile;
# mount the controlfile
sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';
# archive current online log
sql 'alter system archive log current';
# avoid unnecessary autobackups for structural changes during TSPITR
sql 'begin dbms_backup_restore.AutoBackupFlag(FALSE); end;';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 2015/07/09 15:16:22
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T144032_bsw5ycl2_.bkp
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T144032_bsw5ycl2_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T144032
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/backup/aux/DEVDB/controlfile/o1_mf_bsw7y759_.ctl
Finished restore at 2015/07/09 15:16:24
sql statement: alter database mount clone database
sql statement: alter system archive log current
sql statement: begin dbms_backup_restore.AutoBackupFlag(FALSE); end;
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until logseq 3 thread 1;
plsql <<<-- tspitr_2
declare
sqlstatement varchar2(512);
offline_not_needed exception;
pragma exception_init(offline_not_needed, -01539);
begin
sqlstatement := 'alter tablespace '|| '"TSPITR"' ||' offline immediate';
krmicd.writeMsg(6162, sqlstatement);
krmicd.execSql(sqlstatement);
exception
when offline_not_needed then
null;
end; >>>;
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for clone datafile 1 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 3 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 2 to new;
set newname for clone tempfile 1 to new;
set newname for datafile 6 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/tspitr01.dbf";
# switch all tempfiles
switch clone tempfile all;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile 1, 3, 2, 6;
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
sql statement: alter tablespace "TSPITR" offline immediate
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file
Starting restore at 2015/07/09 15:16:29
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/tspitr01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T144032_bsw5v1cb_.bkp
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T144032_bsw5v1cb_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T144032
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
Finished restore at 2015/07/09 15:17:34
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=884618255 file name=/backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_bsw7yg0d_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=884618255 file name=/backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bsw7yg16_.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=884618255 file name=/backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bsw7yg0j_.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until logseq 3 thread 1;
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone "alter database datafile 1 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile 3 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile 2 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile 6 online";
# recover and open resetlogs
recover clone database tablespace "TSPITR", "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX" delete archivelog;
alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
sql statement: alter database datafile 1 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 3 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 2 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 6 online
Starting recover at 2015/07/09 15:17:35
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=2
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T144220_bsw5ydxj_.bkp
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T144220_bsw5ydxj_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T144220
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/backup/aux/1_2_884613136.dbf thread=1 sequence=2
channel clone_default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/backup/aux/1_2_884613136.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=884618256
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 2015/07/09 15:17:38
database opened
contents of Memory Script:
{
# make read only the tablespace that will be exported
sql clone 'alter tablespace "TSPITR" read only';
# create directory for datapump import
sql "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''
/backup/aux''";
# create directory for datapump export
sql clone "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''
/backup/aux''";
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter tablespace "TSPITR" read only
sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/backup/aux''
sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/backup/aux''
Performing export of metadata...
EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_nkvk":
EXPDP> Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
EXPDP> Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
EXPDP> Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_nkvk" successfully loaded/unloaded
EXPDP> ******************************************************************************
EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_nkvk is:
EXPDP> /backup/aux/tspitr_nkvk_59637.dmp
EXPDP> ******************************************************************************
EXPDP> Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TSPITR:
EXPDP> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/tspitr01.dbf
EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_nkvk" successfully completed at 15:19:40
Export completed
contents of Memory Script:
{
# shutdown clone before import
shutdown clone immediate
# drop target tablespaces before importing them back
sql 'drop tablespace "TSPITR" including contents keep datafiles';
}
executing Memory Script
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
sql statement: drop tablespace "TSPITR" including contents keep datafiles
Removing automatic instance
shutting down automatic instance
target database instance not started
Automatic instance removed
auxiliary instance file /backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_temp_bsw80r22_.tmp deleted
auxiliary instance file /backup/aux/DEVDB/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_bsw80n92_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /backup/aux/DEVDB/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_bsw80m9y_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /backup/aux/DEVDB/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_bsw80lhs_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bsw7yg0j_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bsw7yg16_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /backup/aux/DEVDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_bsw7yg0d_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /backup/aux/DEVDB/controlfile/o1_mf_bsw7y759_.ctl deleted
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 07/09/2015 15:20:10
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 07/09/2015 15:20:10
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: drop tablespace "TSPITR" including contents keep datafiles
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-00054: resource busy and acquire with NOWAIT specified or timeout expired
RMAN>报错了~
后面经过试验，"RECOVER TABLESPACE 'TSPITR' UNTIL LOGSEQ 3 " 的UNTIL LOGSEQ 3并不包括日志3 。应该将恢复语句改成
RECOVER TABLESPACE 'TSPITR' UNTIL LOGSEQ 4 AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/backup/aux';
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