大橙子网站建设,新征程启航
为企业提供网站建设、域名注册、服务器等服务
本文主要给大家简单讲讲MySQLdump备份时如何保证数据的一致,相关专业术语大家可以上网查查或者找一些相关书籍补充一下,这里就不涉猎了,我们就直奔主题吧,希望mysqldump备份时如何保证数据的一致这篇文章可以给大家带来一些实际帮助。
创新互联公司自2013年创立以来,先为徐水等服务建站,徐水等地企业,进行企业商务咨询服务。为徐水企业网站制作PC+手机+微官网三网同步一站式服务解决您的所有建站问题。
mysqldump
运行mysqldump需一定的权限。如,备份表的最低权限为select,备份触发器需show triggers权限。
(1)备份结果文件命令规范:dbname_port_$(date +%Y%m%d).bak
(2)gzip,tar是单线程压缩软件,只能用到一个cpu,效率比较低,备份的时候不建议压缩,如果空间实在不足,可以考录备份完成之后使用pigz多线程压缩软件;
(3)mysqldump是单线程工作,效率比较低,如果mysqldump备份需要很长时间,可以考虑使用mydumper支持多线程并发导出;
备份的参数
mysql>create table t1(c1 int,c2 varchar(10)); mysql>insert into t1 values(1,'aaa'),(2,'bbb'),(3,'ccc'); 例1: #指定备份单个库testdb: [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 testdb > /tmp/testdb1.bak [root@Darren2 tmp]# vim testdb1.bak SET @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN = @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN; SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0; --当还原的时候不记录binlog日志 SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='83373570-fe03-11e6-bb0a-000c29c1b8a9:1-10914'; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`; CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `c2` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE; --还原表的时候不允许其他会话读写t1表 INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (1,'aaa'),(2,'bbb'),(3,'ccc'); UNLOCK TABLES; SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN = @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN; 在本数据库上还原: [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysql -uroot -p147258 < testdb1.bak ERROR 1840 (HY000) at line 24: @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED can only be set when @@GLOBAL.GTID_EXECUTED is empty. 实质报错: root@localhost [testdb]>SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='83373570-fe03-11e6-bb0a-000c29c1b8a9:1-10914'; ERROR 1840 (HY000): @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED can only be set when @@GLOBAL.GTID_EXECUTED is empty. 如果直接还原会报错,因为我开启了gtid_mode,此时可以show master status看一下executed_gtid_set参数不为空,需要在备份文件testdb1.bak中把 “SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='83373570-fe03-11e6-bb0a-000c29c1b8a9:1-10914';”注释掉能继续还原 如果希望能够传写入binlog,把还原也同步到从库,需要注释掉SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0; root@localhost [testdb]>show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 6392 | | | 83373570-fe03-11e6-bb0a-000c29c1b8a9:1-10931 | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------------------------------------+ 还原命令: [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysql -uroot -p147258 testdb < testdb1.bak #必须指定testdb库,否则报错找不到,如果还原testdb库之前被删除了,也会报错: [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysql -uroot -p147258 testdbtestdb2.bak [root@Darren2 tmp]# vim testdb2.bak SET @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN = @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN; SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0; SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='83373570-fe03-11e6-bb0a-000c29c1b8a9:1-10931'; CREATE DATABASE `testdb` ; USE `testdb`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`; CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `c2` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE; INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (1,'aaa'),(2,'bbb'),(3,'ccc'); UNLOCK TABLES; SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN = @MYSQLDUMP_TEMP_LOG_BIN; 还原:无需指定testdb库 [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysql -uroot -p147258 < testdb2.bak #同时备份多个库: [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 -B testdb mysql > testdbmysql.bak 还原多个库: [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysql -uroot -p147258 < testdbmysql.bak 例3: 压缩备份 [root@Darren2 logs]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 testdb | gzip > testdbgzip.bak.gz 还原: [root@Darren2 tmp]# gunzip < testdbgzip.bak.gz | mysql -uroot -p147258 例4: 只备份库中的表 格式:mysqldump -uroot -p147258 库名 表名1 表名2 ... >备份文件名 注意:不能加-B 参数,否则就是备份多个库了 #备份单个表: [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 testdb t1 > testdbt1.bak #备份多个表: [root@Darren2 tmp]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 testdb t1 t2 > testdbt1t2.bak 例5: --master-data,指定日志文件从哪个位置开始,不用切割binlog日志了 [root@www ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 --master-data=1 testdb CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000011', MASTER_LOG_POS=107; [root@www opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 --master-data=2 testdb -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000011', MASTER_LOG_POS=107; --master-data=1时,备份文件中change master 是sql语句,在主从同步时用到 --master-data=2时,备份文件中--change master被注释掉,还原时不具有sql语句作用 例6:其它参数 --single-transaction 适合innodb事物数据库备份,原理是设定本次会话级别是repeatable read,保证本次会话备份时,不会看到其他已经提交的会话,保证数据一致性 -A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases -F, --flush-logs 即刷新binlog
总结:
innodb引擎 :一般生产全备使用的方法
[root@Darren2 tmp]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 -A -B --master-data=2 --events --single-transaction > /tmp/all_$(date +%Y%m%d).bak
备份的全过程
下面mysqldump备份的过程:
root@localhost [testdb]>set global general_log=1; [root@Darren1 data]# cat /dev/null > general.log [root@Darren1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p147258 --single-transaction --master-data=2 testdb >testdb1_$(date +%Y%m%d) [root@Darren1 data]# cat general.log 2016-12-21T15:31:00.474824Z 14 Connect root@localhost on using Socket 2016-12-21T15:31:00.475031Z 14 Query /*!40100 SET @@SQL_MODE='' */ 2016-12-21T15:31:00.475194Z 14 Query /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */ 2016-12-21T15:31:00.475282Z 14 Query FLUSH /*!40101 LOCAL */ TABLES --刷表,为了防止有表的DDL操作,如果备份的时候有表的DDL操作,flush tables一直处于等待状态,直到DDL动作结束,才执行flush tables 2016-12-21T15:31:00.475598Z 14 Query FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK --全局锁表,所有会话不能对表进行任何DML和DDL操作,让数据处于一致性状态 2016-12-21T15:31:00.475661Z 14 Query SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ --设置隔离界别为RR 2016-12-21T15:31:00.475728Z 14 Query START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */ --开始事物 2016-12-21T15:31:00.475805Z 14 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'gtid\_mode' --查看GTID状态 2016-12-21T15:31:00.478393Z 14 Query SHOW MASTER STATUS --查看master 2016-12-21T15:31:00.478487Z 14 Query UNLOCK TABLES --解锁 2016-12-21T15:31:00.478625Z 14 Query SELECT LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE, ENGINE, EXTRA FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = 'UNDO LOG' AND FILE_NAME IS NOT NULL AND LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME IS NOT NULL AND LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME IN (SELECT DISTINCT LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = 'DATAFILE' AND TABLESPACE_NAME IN (SELECT DISTINCT TABLESPACE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA IN ('testdb'))) GROUP BY LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, ENGINE, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE ORDER BY LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME 2016-12-21T15:31:00.480360Z 14 Query SELECT DISTINCT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, EXTENT_SIZE, INITIAL_SIZE, ENGINE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = 'DATAFILE' AND TABLESPACE_NAME IN (SELECT DISTINCT TABLESPACE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA IN ('testdb')) ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME, LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME 2016-12-21T15:31:00.481072Z 14 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ndbinfo\_version' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483114Z 14 Init DB testdb 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483193Z 14 Query SAVEPOINT sp --创建事物的回滚点,如果下面一旦出错,可以回滚到回滚点之前的状态; 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483262Z 14 Query show tables 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483459Z 14 Query show table status like 't1' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483711Z 14 Query SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483782Z 14 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483844Z 14 Query show create table `t1` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483927Z 14 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.483998Z 14 Query show fields from `t1` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.484307Z 14 Query show fields from `t1` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.484551Z 14 Query SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t1` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.484758Z 14 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.484828Z 14 Query use `testdb` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.484888Z 14 Query select @@collation_database 2016-12-21T15:31:00.484962Z 14 Query SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 't1' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485199Z 14 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485255Z 14 Query ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp --回到回滚点 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485315Z 14 Query show table status like 't2' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485464Z 14 Query SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485515Z 14 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485567Z 14 Query show create table `t2` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485635Z 14 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485744Z 14 Query show fields from `t2` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.485968Z 14 Query show fields from `t2` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.486185Z 14 Query SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t2` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.486298Z 14 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = 'binary' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.486351Z 14 Query use `testdb` 2016-12-21T15:31:00.486407Z 14 Query select @@collation_database 2016-12-21T15:31:00.486468Z 14 Query SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 't2' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.486792Z 14 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = 'utf8' 2016-12-21T15:31:00.486887Z 14 Query ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp --回到回滚点 2016-12-21T15:31:00.486943Z 14 Query RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp --释放回滚点 2016-12-21T15:31:00.513639Z 14 Quit --退出
总结:mysqldump的过程:
flush tables; flush table with read lock; set tx_isolation='repeatable-read'; start transaction; GTID_MODE; show master stauts; unlock tables; SAVEPOINT sp show create table `t1` SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t1` SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE 't1' ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp RELEASE SAVEPOINT sp
注意事项:
在使用mysqldump备份表的时候,如果对备份的表进行DDL操作可能使备份失败,因为DDL不在事物的框架中,mysql8.0以后可能会把DDL放在事物框架中;
mysqldump备份时如何保证数据的一致就先给大家讲到这里,对于其它相关问题大家想要了解的可以持续关注我们的行业资讯。我们的板块内容每天都会捕捉一些行业新闻及专业知识分享给大家的。