MysqlGalera集群版的安装部署方法

下文内容主要给大家带来MySQL Galera 集群版的安装部署方法，所讲到的知识，与书籍不同，都是创新互联专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中，总结出来的，具有一定的经验分享价值，希望给广大读者带来帮助。

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Galera 是一个Mysql(Mariadb，Percona)同步多主集群软件，本文主要讲解Galera cluster安装，MySQL Galera集群版的mysql是经过codeship打了wsrep补丁的，不是普通的mysql版本。安装时采用轻量级pssh来进行批量安装。
Mysql Galera 集群版的安装部署方法

概况如下：

机器IP 结点名

192.168.1.42 Es-Search-A
192.168.1.43 Es-Search-B
192.168.1.44 Es-Search-C

OS版本：CentOS 7
mysql版本：mysql-5.6.43

Galera cluster安装包：

galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-client-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-server-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-shared-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-test-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm

Galera cluster下载url:
http://galeracluster.com/downloads/

注：这里我下载的都是打过wsrep补丁的mysql安装包，不用独立安装mysql数据库，直接安装这些包之后数据库就安装好了。

一、准备工作
在每台机器/下创建/data目录，用于mysql数据文件目录。
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ cat hosts.txt
192.168.1.42
192.168.1.43
192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo mkdir /data/"
[1] 14:37:15 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 14:37:15 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[3] 14:37:15 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43

将mysql源码文件复制到每台机器

安装依赖包
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo yum install gcc gcc-c++ perl-devel bison bison-devel ncurses-devel cmake autoconf -y"
[1] 14:51:37 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 14:51:39 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[3] 14:51:41 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43

创建用户：

[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo groupadd mysql"
[1] 14:58:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[2] 14:58:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[3] 14:58:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin"
[1] 14:58:16 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 14:58:16 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 14:58:16 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44

[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo mkdir /data/mysql/data -p"
[1] 14:59:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 14:59:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 14:59:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data/"
[1] 15:01:13 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 15:01:13 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 15:01:13 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44

将安装包复制到其他两台机器上：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pscp.pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 mysql-wsrep- /home/elasticsearch/
[1] 10:07:35 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 10:07:38 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[3] 10:07:38 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pscp.pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64.rpm /home/elasticsearch/
[1] 10:08:01 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 10:08:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 10:08:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
二、安装
批量安装：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 "sudo rpm -ivh mysql-wsrep-"
[1] 10:09:08 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 10:09:09 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 10:09:10 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44

[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 -P "sudo rpm -ivh galera*"
[1] 10:10:24 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[2] 10:10:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 10:10:28 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42

检查是否成功安装：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 -P "sudo rpm -qa| grep mysql-wsrep"
192.168.1.42: mysql-wsrep-test-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-server-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-client-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-shared-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
[1] 15:28:04 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
192.168.1.43: mysql-wsrep-client-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-shared-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-server-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-test-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
[2] 15:28:04 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
192.168.1.44: mysql-wsrep-server-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-client-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-shared-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-test-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
[3] 15:28:04 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 -P "sudo rpm -qa| grep galera"
192.168.1.42: galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64
[1] 10:11:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
192.168.1.43: galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64
[2] 10:11:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
192.168.1.44: galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64
[3] 10:11:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44

安装结束。

三、mysql配置文件

第一台：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ sudo vi /etc/my.cnf

#For advice on how to change settings please see
#http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

#Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
#cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

#Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
#changes to the binary log between backups.
#log_bin

#Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
#The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
#Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
#join_buffer_size = 128M
#sort_buffer_size = 2M
#read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#datadir=/usr/local/mysql
#socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
#symbolic-links=0

#log-error=/data/mysql/log/error.log
#pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d/

[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ sudo vi /etc/my.cnf.d/wsrep.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#basedir=/usr/share/mysql
tmpdir=/tmp ###临时目录
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
#Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
#If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
#customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
#instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
character-set-server=utf8 #字符集utf-8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
skip-name-resolve ##跳过主机名
user=mysql
port=3306 ##端口
binlog_rows_query_log_events=OFF ###这个选项应该关掉，否则会产生内部错误
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M
max_allowed_packet = 500M
max_connections = 600
log-error=/data/mysql/log/error.log
pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.pid

skip-grant-tables ##跳过授权表
binlog_format=ROW
log-bin=mysql-bin

#####################################################################################
character-set-server=utf8 #字符集utf-8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
binlog_rows_query_log_events=OFF ###这个选项应该关掉，否则会产生内部错误

wsrep_on=on
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
default_storage_engine=innodb
wsrep_node_name = Es-Search-A
wsrep_node_address='192.168.1.42'
wsrep_provider = /usr/lib64/galera-3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://"
wsrep_cluster_name='Galera_cluster'
wsrep_sst_method = rsync #xtrabackup
skip-grant-tables ##跳过授权表
wsrep_sst_auth=galera:galera
binlog_format=ROW
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=42
log-slave-updates=1
#######################################################################################

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/data/error.log
#pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid

#include all files from the config directory

#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d/

配置文件各项配置意义：

wsrep_provider：指定Galera库的路径
wsrep_cluster_name：Galera集群的名称
wsrep_cluster_address：Galera集群中各节点地址。地址使用组通信协议gcomm://(group communication)
wsrep_node_name：本节点在Galera集群中的名称
wsrep_node_address：本节点在Galera集群中的通信地址
wsrep_sst_method
：state_snapshot_transfer(SST)使用的传输方法，可用方法有mysqldump、rsync和xtrabackup，前两者在传输时都需要对Donor加全局只读锁(
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK)，xtrabackup则不需要(它使用percona自己提供的backup
lock)。强烈建议采用xtrabackup
wsrep_sst_auth：在SST传输时需要用到的认证凭据，格式为："用户：密码"
pxc_strict_mode：是否限制PXC启用正在试用阶段的功能，ENFORCING是默认值，表示不启用
binlog_format：二进制日志的格式。Galera只支持row格式的二进制日志
default_storage_engine：指定默认存储引擎。Galera的复制功能只支持InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode：只能设置为2，设置为0或1时会无法正确处理死锁问题

将配置文件复制到其他机器
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pscp.pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 /etc/my.cnf /home/elasticsearch/
[1] 11:15:22 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 11:15:22 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 11:15:22 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 -P "sudo cp my.cnf /etc/"
[1] 11:15:59 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 11:15:59 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 11:15:59 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44

初始化第一台mysql
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2019-06-27 15:10:11 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-06-27 15:10:11 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.43-log) starting as process 5321 ...

[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ ll /data/mysql/data
total 241672
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 134219048 Jun 26 17:38 galera.cache
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 113 Jun 26 17:38 grastate.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jun 26 17:38 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jun 26 17:38 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jun 20 17:53 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 Jun 20 18:01 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Jun 20 17:53 mysql-bin.index
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 Jun 20 18:01 test

启动第一台mysql
sudo service mysql start --wsrep-new-cluster

或使用这种方式启动也可以
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ sudo mysqld --wsrep-new-cluster --user=mysql &
[1] 16007
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ 2019-06-20 17:11:56 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-06-20 17:11:56 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.43-log) starting as process 16008 ...

在另一个终端
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.43-log MySQL Community Server (GPL), wsrep_25.25

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

查看参数：
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_%';
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | 73aa66b8-933b-11e9-9578-9a7df8c24dcc |
| wsrep_protocol_version | 9 |
| wsrep_last_committed | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_repl_keys | 0 |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_received | 2 |
| wsrep_received_bytes | 147 |
| wsrep_local_commits | 0 |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 |
| wsrep_local_replays | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max | 2 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.500000 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max | 1 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_local_cached_downto | 18446744073709551615 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_window | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_window | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_local_state | 4 |
| wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced |
| wsrep_cert_index_size | 0 |
| wsrep_causal_reads | 0 |
| wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_open_transactions | 0 |
| wsrep_open_connections | 0 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.1.42:3306 |
| wsrep_cluster_weight | 1 |
| wsrep_desync_count | 0 |
| wsrep_evs_delayed | |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list | |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency | 3.204e-06/6.0466e-06/1.0783e-05/2.89701e-06/5 |
| wsrep_evs_state | OPERATIONAL |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 73a64b76-933b-11e9-99cc-337e6bf5a0f1 |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 1 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 1 |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | 73aa66b8-933b-11e9-9578-9a7df8c24dcc |
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary |
| wsrep_connected | ON |
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 |
| wsrep_local_index | 0 |
| wsrep_provider_name | Galera |
| wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy |
| wsrep_provider_version | 3.26(rff05089) |
| wsrep_ready | ON |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
60 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改密码
mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('123') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)

创建复制用户
mysql> grant all on . to 'galera'@'%' identified by 'galera';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)

第一个节点启动成功，再配置启动其他节点。

##第二个节点配置：
server-id=43
wsrep_node_name = Es-Search-B
wsrep_node_address='192.168.1.43'
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.42,192.168.1.44"
与节点1区别就这三个参数

启动第二个节点：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-B ~]$ sudo service mysql start
Starting MySQL........................ SUCCESS!

##第三个节点配置：
server-id=44
wsrep_node_name = Es-Search-C
wsrep_node_address='192.168.1.44'
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.42,192.168.1.43"

启动第三个节点：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-C data]$ sudo service mysql start
Starting MySQL........................... SUCCESS!

可以看到cluster有3台，尝试在其中任一台上创建一个数据库，则在另外节点可以看到也创建了同样的库。

mysql> create database mydb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)

因为刚才第一台机器用来创建集群，启动时跳过了授权表，然后连接到库中修改了密码，创建了用户，之后需要注释掉跳过权限表的参数。

安装配置完结。这里仅是使用rpm包安装，basedir与datadir不能很灵活定义，还是比较习惯源码安装。之后会再探索直接在mysql上打补丁，然后组成Galera cluster。

对于以上关于Mysql Galera 集群版的安装部署方法，如果大家还有更多需要了解的可以持续关注我们创新互联的行业推新，如需获取专业解答，可在官网联系售前售后的，希望该文章可给大家带来一定的知识更新。

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