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本文主要总结线程共享数据的相关知识,主要包括两方面:一是某个线程内如何共享数据,保证各个线程的数据不交叉;一是多个线程间如何共享数据,保证数据的一致性。
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自己实现的话,是定义一个Map,线程为键,数据为值,表中的每一项即是为每个线程准备的数据,这样在一个线程中数据是一致的。
例子
package com.iot.thread; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Random; /** * Created by brian on 2016/2/4. */ public class ThreadScopeShareData { //准备一个哈希表,为每个线程准备数据 private static MapthreadData = new HashMap<>(); public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i=0;i<2;i++){ new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { int data = new Random().nextint(); threadData.put(Thread.currentThread(),data); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" put data:"+data); new A().get(); new B().get(); } } ).start(); } } static class A{ public void get(){ int data = threadData.get(Thread.currentThread()); System.out.println("A from "+Thread.currentThread()+" get data "+data); } } static class B{ public void get(){ int data = threadData.get(Thread.currentThread()); System.out.println("B from "+Thread.currentThread()+" get data "+data); } } }
上述代码偶尔会报异常:
Exception in thread "Thread-0" java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.iot.thread.ThreadScopeShareData$A.get(ThreadScopeShareData.java:29)
at com.iot.thread.ThreadScopeShareData$1.run(ThreadScopeShareData.java:21)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
具体原因还不知道
API:
java.lang:Class ThreadLocal
使用ThreadLocal类型的对象代替上面的Map即可
定义一个对象来封装多个变量,然后在ThreadLocal中存储整个对象
多变量时,最好将ThreadLocal类放在数据类的内部,数据类采用单例模式,这样,新建对象和获取对象都会更方便,同时封装性更强。
package com.iot.thread; import java.util.Random; /** * Created by brian on 2016/2/4. */ public class ThreadLocalTest { private static ThreadLocalthreadInger = new ThreadLocal<>(); public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i=0;i<2;i++){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { int data = new Random().nextint(100); threadInger.set(data); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" put data:"+data); MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setName(Thread.currentThread().toString()); MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance().setAge(data%10); new A().get(); new B().get(); } } ).start(); } } static class A{ public void get(){ int data = threadInger.get(); System.out.println("A from "+Thread.currentThread()+" get data "+data); MyThreadScopeData myThreadScopeData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance(); System.out.println("A from "+myThreadScopeData); } } static class B{ public void get(){ int data = threadInger.get(); System.out.println("B from "+Thread.currentThread()+" get data "+data); MyThreadScopeData myThreadScopeData = MyThreadScopeData.getThreadInstance(); System.out.println("B from "+myThreadScopeData); } } } /** * 将多变量封装起来的数据类 * 单例模式,内置ThreadLocal类型变量 */ class MyThreadScopeData{ private MyThreadScopeData(){ } private static ThreadLocal data = new ThreadLocal<>(); public static MyThreadScopeData getThreadInstance(){ MyThreadScopeData instance = data.get(); if(instance == null){ instance = new MyThreadScopeData(); data.set(instance); } return instance; } private String name; private int age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { String reVal = super.toString()+"-{name,age}"+":{"+getName()+","+getAge()+"}"; return reVal; } }
几种方式
最后一种方式的示例:
设计5个线程,其中三个线程每次对j增加1,另外两个线程对j每次减少1
package com.iot.thread; /** * Created by brian on 2016/2/4. */ public class MutiThreadShareData { private static MutiShareData mutiShareData = new MutiShareData(); public static void main(String[] args) { for (int i=0;i<3;i++){ new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+":{j from "+ mutiShareData.getJ()+" + to: "+mutiShareData.increment()+"}"); } } ).start(); } for (int i=0;i<2;i++){ new Thread( new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+":{j from "+ mutiShareData.getJ()+" - to: "+mutiShareData.decrement()+"}"); } } ).start(); } } } /** * 将共享数据封装在另一对象中(操作数据的方法也在该对象完成) */ class MutiShareData{ private int j = 0; public synchronized int increment(){ return ++j; } public synchronized int decrement(){ return --j; } public synchronized int getJ() { return j; } public synchronized void setJ(int j) { this.j = j; } }
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