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下面介绍如何在Windows8.1上搭建hadoop2.7.2的本地模式开发环境,为后期做mapreduce的开发做准备。
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在搭建开发环境之前,首先选择开发工具,就是大家都很熟悉的Eclipse(本人这次使用的是eclipse4.4.2版本),Eclipse提供了hadoop的插件,我们通过这个插件,就可以在eclipse中编写mapreduce。但是,这个插件可能会随着hadoop的版本升级或者eclipse的版本升级,而需要相应的去进行编译。所以,在我们开发之前,学会编译这个eclipse的hadoop插件至关重要,编译eclipse插件使用ant工具,ant工具不在本次的介绍范围内。
1、首先通过sourcetree获取hadoop2x-eclipse-plugin插件。
1.1、插件地址在github上:https://github.com/winghc/hadoop2x-eclipse-plugin.git上下载
1.2、将下载的插件hadoop2x-eclipse-plugin-master.zip在本地磁盘进行解压,解压之后的目录结构如下:
1.3、接着修改F:\Hadoop\eclipsechajian\hadoop2x-eclipse-plugin-master\src\contrib\eclipse-plugin目录下的build.xml文件
由于网站上都是基于hadoop2.6版本进行的编译,2.7.2版本对于build.xml需要修改如下:
找到
并添加两个新的element:
以上这些jar包在编译hadoop2.7.2 eclipse插件的时候需要用到,如果不添加就会报错,所以,我们在ant编译之前先添加进来。
1.4、然后再找到
lib/servlet-api-${servlet-api.version}.jar,
lib/commons-io-${commons-io.version}.jar,
并将lib/htrace-core-${htrace.version}.jar替换为lib/htrace-core-${htrace.version}-incubating.jar
1.5、再修改\hadoop2x-eclipse-plugin\src\ivy\libraries.properties文件,这个文件配置了ant构建需要用到各个jar包的版本,以及构建hadoop的版本,由于下载的这个插件是编译hadoop2.6.0的,所以我们需要修改以下配置,更改下列属性和其值使其对应hadoop2.7.2和当前环境的jar包版本:
hadoop.version=2.7.2
apacheant.version=1.9.7
commons-collections.version=3.2.2
commons-httpclient.version=3.1
commons-logging.version=1.1.3
commons-io.version=2.4
slf4j-api.version=1.7.10
slf4j-log4j12.version=1.7.10
其实在ant构建的时候,会选择本地hadoop2.7.2目录中的jar包版本(\hadoop-2.7.2\share\hadoop\common),所以只要将版本号改成对应的版本号即可如下图:
1.6、最后修改\hadoop2x-eclipse-plugin\ivy\libraries.properties文件,文件的的版本如上图版本修改一样,但是还有一个版本需要修改的就是
htrace.version的版本要改成3.1.0,htrace.version=3.1.0
1.7、然后cd到F:\Hadoop\eclipsechajian\hadoop2x-eclipse-plugin-master\src\contrib\eclipse-plugin目录
执行以下命令:
ant jar -Dversion=2.7.2 -Declipse.home=D:\eclipse_hadoop -Dhadoop.home=F:\Hadoop\hadoop-2.7.2
解释下这个命令:-Dversion是指这个插件的版本,Declipse.home是指eclipse的安装目录,-Dhadoop.home指本地文件中hadoop-2.7.2的安装目录。
命令执行成功之后就可以在\hadoop2x-eclipse-plugin\build\contrib\eclipse-plugin目录下面找到
hadoop-eclipse-plugin-2.7.2.jar 包,这个包就是编译好的eclipse hadoop2.7.2插件,把这个插件放到eclipse安装目录的plugins目录下,我们就可以进入eclipse然后找到一个叫mapreduce的视图,就可以开始尝试编写mapreduce程序了。
1.8、下载eclipse并配置JDK
去http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ 下载你需要的版本,我们这里下载的是win64位版。直接解压到目录中。进行简单设置,根据你的开发需要,选择jdk的版本
1.9、设置hadoop插件
在eclipse菜单中选择,window - preferences,打开设置菜单
至此Eclipse开发环境搭建完成,下面将搭建hadoop的运行环境,hadoop项目是需要将程序提交到hadoop运行环境上面运行的。
2、Eclipse插件编译好之后,就需要安装Hadoop2.7.2
hadoop环境搭建相对麻烦,需要安装虚拟机或者着cygwin什么的,但是通过查官方资料和摸索,在window上搭建了本地模式,可以不需要虚拟机和cygwin依赖,而且官网明确指出cygwin已经不支持hadoop2.x。
Windows下搭建Hadoop本地模式运行环境参考:http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/Hadoop2OnWindows
下面配置windows环境:
2.1、Java JDK :我采用的是1.8的,配置JAVA_HOME,如果默认安装,会安装在C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51。此目录存在空格,启动hadoop时将报错,JAVA_HOME is incorrect ...此时需要将环境变量JAVA_HOME值修改为:C:\Progra~1\Java\jdk1.8.0_51,Program Files可以有Progra~代替。
2.2、Hadoop 环境变量: 新建HADOOP_HOME,指向hadoop解压目录,如:F:\Hadoop\hadoop-2.7.2。然后在path环境变量中增加:%HADOOP_HOME%\bin;。
2.3、Hadoop 依赖库:winutils相关,hadoop在windows上运行需要winutils支持和hadoop.dll等文件,下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/fly_leopard/9503059
注意hadoop.dll等文件不要与hadoop冲突。为了不出现依赖性错误可以将hadoop.dll放到c:/windows/System32下一份,然后重启计算机。
2.4、hadoop环境测试:
起一个cmd窗口,切换到hadoop-2.7.2\bin下,执行hadoop version命令,显示如下:
2.5、hadoop基本文件配置:hadoop配置文件位于:hadoop-2.7.2\etc\hadoop下
core-site.xml、hdfs-site.xml、mapred-site.xml、yarn-site.xml
core-site.xml:
hdfs-site.xml:
mapred-site.xml:
其中%USERNAME%为你计算机执行hadoop的用户名。
yarn-site.xml:
其中:%HADOOP_CONF_DIR%为hadoop的安装路径;yarn.nodemanager.log-dirs配置项的路径是在你hadoop安装路径的跟目录创建,例如我的hadoop是在F盘,所以该配置项的目录就在F盘创建。
2.6、格式化系统文件:
hadoop-2.7.2/bin下执行 hdfs namenode -format
待执行完毕即可,不要重复format容易出现异常。
2.7、格式化完成后到hadoop-2.7.2/sbin下执行 start-dfs.cmd启动hadoop
访问:http://localhost:50070
至此表示hadoop2.7.2运行环境搭建完成。
3、结合Eclipse创建MR项目并使用本地系统进行hadoop本地模式开发
我在者使用Eclipse开发使用的是本地文件系统,没有使用HDFS,HDFS在完全分布式下介绍的多,在这就不用介绍,另外使用Eclipse开发并不是很多文章介绍一定要配置DFS Locations(这个不影响开发),这个是用来查看集群上的HDFS文件系统的(我目前是这样理解),反正我使用这个连接本地windows8.1上启动的hadoop(本地模式),一直没练成功过,报下面的错误:
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/htrace/SamplerBuilder
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.initialize(DistributedFileSystem.java:149)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.createFileSystem(FileSystem.java:2653)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.access$200(FileSystem.java:92)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem$Cache.getInternal(FileSystem.java:2687)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem$Cache.get(FileSystem.java:2669)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.get(FileSystem.java:371)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.get(FileSystem.java:170)
at org.apache.hadoop.eclipse.server.HadoopServer.getDFS(HadoopServer.java:478)
at org.apache.hadoop.eclipse.dfs.DFSPath.getDFS(DFSPath.java:146)
at org.apache.hadoop.eclipse.dfs.DFSFolder.loadDFSFolderChildren(DFSFolder.java:61)
at org.apache.hadoop.eclipse.dfs.DFSFolder$1.run(DFSFolder.java:178)
at org.eclipse.core.internal.jobs.Worker.run(Worker.java:54)
这个问题目前已解决,是因为缺少相应的插件jar包;需要将下面3个插件放入到$eclipse_home\plugins\目录下。
好了,下面进入使用Eclipse开发hadoop的介绍
3.1、上面环境搭建完成之后,下面开始讲如何进行开发,我们使用hadoop的wordcount来做测试。
创建mr项目
设置项目名称
创建类
设置类属性
创建完成后,将hadoop-2.7.2-src\hadoop-mapreduce-project\hadoop-mapreduce-examples\src\main\java\org\apache\hadoop\examples目录下的WordCount.java文件内容,copy到刚创建的文件中。
3.2接下来创建配置环境
在项目中创建一个名为resources的Source Floder,然后将F:\Hadoop\hadoop-2.7.2\etc\hadoop下的配置文件全部copy到该目录下。
3.3、运行WordCount程序
以上完成后,即完成开发环境配置,接下来试试运行是否成功。
上图中红圈标注的是重点,配置的是wordcount的输入输出路径,因为本地模式我使用的是本地文件系统而不是HDFS,所以该地方是使用的file:///而不是hdfs://(需要特别注意)。
然后点击Run按钮,hadoop就可运行了。
当出现下面情况,则表示运行成功:
16/09/15 22:18:37 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at /0.0.0.0:8032
16/09/15 22:18:39 WARN mapreduce.JobResourceUploader: No job jar file set. User classes may not be found. See Job or Job#setJar(String).
16/09/15 22:18:39 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 2
16/09/15 22:18:40 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:2
16/09/15 22:18:41 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1473949101198_0001
16/09/15 22:18:41 INFO mapred.YARNRunner: Job jar is not present. Not adding any jar to the list of resources.
16/09/15 22:18:41 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1473949101198_0001
16/09/15 22:18:41 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://Lenovo-PC:8088/proxy/application_1473949101198_0001/
16/09/15 22:18:41 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1473949101198_0001
16/09/15 22:18:53 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1473949101198_0001 running in uber mode : false
16/09/15 22:18:53 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
16/09/15 22:19:03 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
16/09/15 22:19:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 100%
16/09/15 22:19:11 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1473949101198_0001 completed successfully
16/09/15 22:19:12 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 50
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=119
FILE: Number of bytes written=359444
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=194
HDFS: Number of bytes written=0
HDFS: Number of read operations=2
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=0
Job Counters
Killed map tasks=1
Launched map tasks=2
Launched reduce tasks=1
Rack-local map tasks=2
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=12156
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=4734
Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=12156
Total time spent by all reduce tasks (ms)=4734
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=12156
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=4734
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=12447744
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=4847616
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=2
Map output records=8
Map output bytes=78
Map output materialized bytes=81
Input split bytes=194
Combine input records=8
Combine output records=6
Reduce input groups=4
Reduce shuffle bytes=81
Reduce input records=6
Reduce output records=4
Spilled Records=12
Shuffled Maps =2
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=2
GC time elapsed (ms)=187
CPU time spent (ms)=1733
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=630702080
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=834060288
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=484966400
Shuffle Errors
BAD_ID=0
CONNECTION=0
IO_ERROR=0
WRONG_LENGTH=0
WRONG_MAP=0
WRONG_REDUCE=0
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=44
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=43
然后在输出路径(运行中配置的输出路径)中查看运行结果:
运行当中可能出现如下问题:
1)、问题1:
16/09/15 22:12:08 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at /0.0.0.0:8032
Exception in thread "main" java.net.ConnectException: Call From Lenovo-PC/192.168.1.105 to 0.0.0.0:9000 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: no further information; For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.wrapWithMessage(NetUtils.java:792)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.wrapException(NetUtils.java:732)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1479)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1412)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:229)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy12.getFileInfo(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.getFileInfo(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:771)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:191)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy13.getFileInfo(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.getFileInfo(DFSClient.java:2108)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$22.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1305)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$22.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1301)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1301)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.exists(FileSystem.java:1424)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmissionFiles.getStagingDir(JobSubmissionFiles.java:116)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.JobSubmitter.submitJobInternal(JobSubmitter.java:144)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1290)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job$10.run(Job.java:1287)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1657)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job.submit(Job.java:1287)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job.waitForCompletion(Job.java:1308)
at org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount.main(WordCount.java:87)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: no further information
at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.checkConnect(Native Method)
at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.finishConnect(SocketChannelImpl.java:717)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.SocketIOWithTimeout.connect(SocketIOWithTimeout.java:206)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.connect(NetUtils.java:531)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.connect(NetUtils.java:495)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupConnection(Client.java:614)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupIOstreams(Client.java:712)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.access$2900(Client.java:375)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.getConnection(Client.java:1528)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1451)
... 27 more
出现上述问题是由于项目中的core-site.xml中和本地安装的hadoop配置文件core-site.xml中的端口不一致,请修改成一致。
2)、问题2:
16/09/15 22:14:45 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at /0.0.0.0:8032
16/09/15 22:14:48 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8032. Already tried 0 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1000 MILLISECONDS)
16/09/15 22:14:50 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8032. Already tried 1 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1000 MILLISECONDS)
16/09/15 22:14:52 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8032. Already tried 2 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1000 MILLISECONDS)
16/09/15 22:14:54 INFO ipc.Client: Retrying connect to server: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8032. Already tried 3 time(s); retry policy is RetryUpToMaximumCountWithFixedSleep(maxRetries=10, sleepTime=1000 MILLISECONDS)
如果出现上述问题表示yarn没有启动,请启动yarn。
3)、问题3:
16/09/15 22:16:00 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at /0.0.0.0:8032
16/09/15 22:16:02 WARN mapreduce.JobResourceUploader: No job jar file set. User classes may not be found. See Job or Job#setJar(String).
16/09/15 22:16:02 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 2
16/09/15 22:16:03 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:2
16/09/15 22:16:03 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1473948945298_0001
16/09/15 22:16:04 INFO mapred.YARNRunner: Job jar is not present. Not adding any jar to the list of resources.
16/09/15 22:16:04 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1473948945298_0001
16/09/15 22:16:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://Lenovo-PC:8088/proxy/application_1473948945298_0001/
16/09/15 22:16:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1473948945298_0001
16/09/15 22:16:08 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1473948945298_0001 running in uber mode : false
16/09/15 22:16:08 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
16/09/15 22:16:08 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1473948945298_0001 failed with state FAILED due to: Application application_1473948945298_0001 failed 2 times due to AM Container for appattempt_1473948945298_0001_000002 exited with exitCode: -1000
For more detailed output, check application tracking page:http://Lenovo-PC:8088/cluster/app/application_1473948945298_0001Then, click on links to logs of each attempt.
Diagnostics: Could not find any valid local directory for nmPrivate/container_1473948945298_0001_02_000001.tokens
Failing this attempt. Failing the application.
16/09/15 22:16:08 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0
如果出现上述问题,表示你没有使用管理员权限启动hadoop,请使用管理员权限启动hadoop。